Spatial distribution of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in South Africa (2005–2016)

Sirdar, Mohamed Mahmoud; Fosgate, Geoffrey T.; Blignaut, Belinda; Mampane, Lucas R; Rikhotso, Oupa Boetie; Plessis, B. Du; Gummow, Bruce

doi:10.1007/s11250-021-02807-y

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, differing selection pressures on the three strains may explain these differences in the persistence mechanism for SAT-1 and SAT-3 vs SAT-2. Though SAT-1, 2, and 3 are not spatially segregated, their occurrence among host species may vary (Jolles et al, 2021; Sirdar et al, 2021). Thus, while local adaptation due to spatial segregation is unlikely, there may be serotype-specific adaptation to different dominant host species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Within-host viral growth and immune response rates predict FMDV transmission dynamics for African Buffalo

Macdonald

Gulbudak²,

Beechler

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Infectious disease dynamics operate across biological scales: pathogens replicate within hosts, but transmit among hosts and populations. Functional changes in the pathogen-host interaction thus generate cascading effects from molecular to landscape scales. We investigated within-host dynamics and among-host transmission of three strains of foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDVs) in their wildlife host, African buffalo. We combined data on viral dynamics and host immune responses with mathematical models to ask (i) How do viral and immune dynamics vary among FMDV strains? (SAT1, 2, 3); (ii) Which viral and immune parameters determine viral fitness within hosts?; and (iii) How do within-host dynamics relate to virus transmission among hosts? Our data reveal contrasting within-host dynamics among viral strains. However, SAT2 elicited more rapid and effective immune responses than SAT1 and SAT3. Within-host viral fitness was overwhelmingly determined by variation among hosts in immune response activation rates against FMDVs, but not by variation among individual hosts in viral growth rate. By contrast, our analyses investigating across-scale linkages indicate that viral replication rate in the host correlates with transmission rates among buffalo; and that adaptive immune activation rate determines the infectious period. Together, these parameters define the basic reproductive number of the virus, suggesting that viral invasion potential may be predictable from within-host dynamics. Future work should test the generality of these findings by including additional FMDV strains, and create a multi-scale model to link within-host and between-host dynamics explicitly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-host viral growth and immune response rates predict FMDV transmission dynamics for African Buffalo

Macdonald

Gulbudak²,

Beechler

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This inference supports our finding that higher live weaner prices negatively impact yellow maize prices, as reduced demand corresponds with weaner calf price fluctuations. South Africa's livestock market is susceptible to disease outbreaks such as foot and mouth disease (FMD), which detrimentally affects industry productivity [51][52][53]. Therefore, our findings and those of Marsh [50] highlight the critical importance of understanding livestock-grain market dynamics, external factors like disease outbreaks, and informed decision-making for enhancing market stability and resilience in South Africa's agricultural sector.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Price Dynamics in South African Agriculture: A Study of Cross-Commodity Spillovers between Grain and Livestock Markets

Monteiro,

Jammer

2024

Sustainability

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In South Africa, the agricultural sector is a crucial pillar of the economy, with the livestock and grain industries playing significant roles in ensuring food security, fostering economic growth, and providing employment opportunities, particularly in rural areas. This research addresses the relatively unexplored relationship between the livestock and grain industries in South Africa. This study employs a comprehensive approach using a VAR/VECM framework alongside VECM Granger causality tests, Toda Yamamoto causality tests, impulse response functions, and variance decomposition analysis. The main findings of this study demonstrate a long-run relationship among the study variables, with consistently low error correction terms indicating slow short-term adjustments. Significant long-run relationships were observed between grain feed prices and livestock prices, where yellow maize and soybean prices affect live weaner prices, while beef carcass prices influence yellow maize prices. Overall, the results highlight the pivotal role that yellow maize plays as a link between the South African livestock and grain markets. The study concluded that policy formulation for the South African agricultural sector must consider the interconnected nature of the grain and livestock markets to achieve sustainable and effective outcomes.

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“…Lastly, as implemented in Mariën et al [55] and Sirdar et al [76], possible spatial/site clustering of T. gondii-carrying reservoirs was investigated in the sampling localities through Cuzick-Edwards (nearest-neighbour) tests [19,70]. To do so, Monte-Carlo permutations (n = 10,000) were run to infer whether clustering of the field data was significantly higher (p 0.05) than under random simulations [36].…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular prevalence, genetic characterization and patterns of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic small mammals from Cotonou, Benin

et al. 2022

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Toxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in humans and animals, is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Small mammals play a key role as intermediate reservoir hosts in the maintenance of the T. gondii life cycle. In this study, we estimated the molecular prevalence and provide genetic diversity data for T. gondii in 632 small mammals sampled in four areas of Cotonou city, Benin. Both the brain and heart of each individual were screened through T. gondii-targeting qPCR, and positive samples were then genotyped using a set of 15 T. gondii-specific microsatellites. Prevalence data were statistically analyzed in order to assess the relative impact of individual host characteristics, spatial distribution, composition of small mammal community, and urban landscape features. An overall T. gondii molecular prevalence of 15.2% was found and seven genotypes, all belonging to the Africa 1 lineage, could be retrieved from the invasive black rat Rattus rattus and the native African giant shrew Crocidura olivieri. Statistical analyses did not suggest any significant influence of the environmental parameters used in this study. Rather, depending on the local context, T. gondii prevalence appeared to be associated either with black rat, shrew, or mouse abundance or with the trapping period. Overall, our results highlight the intricate relationships between biotic and abiotic factors involved in T. gondii epidemiology and suggest that R. rattus and C. olivieri are two competent reservoirs for the Africa 1 lineage, a widespread lineage in tropical Africa and the predominant lineage in Benin.

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Spatial distribution of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in South Africa (2005–2016)

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Within-host viral growth and immune response rates predict FMDV transmission dynamics for African Buffalo

Within-host viral growth and immune response rates predict FMDV transmission dynamics for African Buffalo

Price Dynamics in South African Agriculture: A Study of Cross-Commodity Spillovers between Grain and Livestock Markets

Molecular prevalence, genetic characterization and patterns of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic small mammals from Cotonou, Benin

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