Spatial distribution of climatic conditions from the Middle Eocene to Late Miocene based on palynoflora in Central, Eastern and Western Anatolia

Abstract

The continental climatic evolution of Anatolia has been reconstructed quantitatively for the last 45 million years using the coexistence approach. Although there were some regional effects, the Anatolian Cenozoic continental climate record correlated with the European climatic condition and the global oxygen isotope record from marine environments. From middle Eocene to late Miocene, continental warming in Anatolia was pronounced for inferred winter temperature and mean annual temperature as in Europe. Generally, the palaeoclimatic property of Anatolia resembles the European climatic changing and marine temperature changing based on the oxygen isotope record; however, climatic values of the terrestrial area in Anatolia are higher from Lutetian to Aquitanian and these values are lower than European values from Aquitanian to Tortonian. Correspondingly, Cenozoic climatic cooling in Anatolia is directly associated with an increase of seasonality, palaeogeographic position and terrestrial condition. Furthermore, mean annual precipitation values of Anatolia remained relatively stable during the Eocene-Oligocene; however, these values indicated changing throughout middle-late Miocene. Moreover, in this study, decline of abundance and variables for the mangrove and back mangrove palaeocommunities during the last 45 million years is recorded because of the decreasing of humidity, temperature and increasing of terrestrial condition.

Erken-Orta Miyosen Yaşlı Kömürlü Tortulların Paleoekolojisi: Erken-Orta Miyosen Yaşlı Kömürlü Tortulların Paleoekolojisi:

“…, 2014Karaoğlu vd. 2010;Karaoğlu ve Helvacı, 2012, 2014 (Seyitoğlu, 1997). Ayrıca linyit içerikli bu tortullardan elde edilen palinostratigrafik veriler "Eskihisar Sporomorf Topluluğu" (Benda, 1971;Benda ve Meulenkamp, 1990) ile korele edilebileceğini ve bu tortulların Burdigaliyen (Erken Miyosen)'de oluştuğunu belirtmektedirler (Seyitoğlu 1997 (Seyitoğlu, 1997;Karaoğlu ve Helvacı, 2012;Ersoy vd.…”

“…2011;Akkiraz 2011;Akkiraz vd. 2012;Kayseri, 2014). Ayrıca Miyosen devri Paleosen-Eosen'deki tropikal koşullarla, Kuvaterner'deki buzullaşma dönemleri arasında kaldığı için ayrı bir öneme sahiptir.…”

“…(2007), ilk kez Geç Oligosen-Miyosen zamanında nicel iklimsel değişimlerini ayrıntılı olarak ortaya çıkarmışlardır. Sonraki çalışmalarda da palinostratigrafiye ilaveten paleoekolojik değişimlere yoğunlaşılmıştır (Akgün vd., 2013;Kayseri ve Akgün 2008;Akkiraz vd., 2011;Akgün vd., 2013;Kayseri, 2014).…”

“…2011Akkiraz vd. , 2012 (Nebert, 1978 (Akgün et al 2000(Akgün et al , 2007Akkiraz et al 2011;Kayseri, 2014 …”

Paleoenvironment of the Late Oligocene from the Kağızman-Tuzluca Basin (northeastern Anatolia) based on the micro- and macrofloras

“…Leaf fossils of Arecaceae are frequently recorded in Europe (Staré Sedlo Formation, Kučlín, Tard Clay, and Haselbach) (Mai and Walter, 1978;Knobloch et al, 1996;Palamarev and Mai, 1998;Kvaček and Walther, 2004). Up to now, the species of Arecaceae were recorded by palynological studies in the Eocene-Oligocene sediments deposited under brackish conditions in Anatolia (e.g., Sancay et al, 2006;Kayseri, 2010;Kayseri-Özer, 2011Kayseri-Özer, , 2013. In particular, Arecaceae, Calamus, and Acrostichum aureum together with marine dinoflagellate species and nannoplankton were recorded in the brackish sediments of Erzurum-Kötek in East Anatolia (Sancay et al, 2006).…”