Spatial distribution of Brucella antibodies with reference to indigenous cattle populations among contrasting agro-ecological zones of Uganda

Kabi, Fred; Muwanika, Vincent B.; Masembe, Charles

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.06.007

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This study showed that the age of the cattle was a significant predictor of brucellosis seropositivity, with the medium adult age category (3 to 4 years) and the old cattle (≥5 years) being more affected (OR = 5, p = 0.005) than young animals. This finding is in agreement with other studies carried out in Rwanda [ 14 , 16 ], and in Uganda [ 45 ]. Animals that are kept for a longer period in the herds have more chances of exposure and acquiring brucellosis, and this translates into increased brucellosis seropositivity with increasing age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…A history of abortions was a significant predictor for herd-level seroprevalence, and this is in agreement with previous reports from Uganda [26,45], and Tanzania [50]. Furthermore, this study also revealed that 98.6% of respondents did not dispose of abortuses properly and birth sites were not disinfected, which is consistent with a previous report in Nyagatare district [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface in Rwanda

et al. 2020

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Bovine brucellosis is endemic in Rwanda; however, little information is available on seroprevalence and risk factors. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted among cattle farmed at the wildlife-livestock-human interface (n = 1691) in five districts and one peri-urban district (n = 216). Cattle were screened using the Rose Bengal test, then the results were confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay. Potential risk factors were determined with a questionnaire and analyzed for their association with seropositivity. In all districts, the animal and herd-level seroprevalence was 7.4% (141/1907) and 28.9% (61/212), respectively, 8.3% (141/1691) and 30.9% (61/198) at the interface, and 0.0% (0/216) in peri-urban areas. Among the potential risk factors, old age (≥5 years), cattle farmed close to wildlife, herds of cattle and small ruminants, history of abortions, and replacement animals were significantly associated with brucellosis (p < 0.05). Low awareness of zoonotic brucellosis, assisting calving without biosafety protection, drinking raw milk, and manual milking were each observed in more than 21.7% of cattle keepers whose herds were seropositive. This study confirmed brucellosis endemicity in cattle farmed close to wildlife in Rwanda, suggesting the need to focus control efforts in these areas. Educated farmers with a high awareness of zoonotic brucellosis had low bovine brucellosis seropositivity, which emphasizes the importance of education.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface in Rwanda

et al. 2020

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“…There are various reports on the presence of brucellosis in African cattle. In Uganda, serosurveys show different herd prevalence levels ranging between 5 and 100% in different regions, agro-ecological zones, and different animal management systems [ 21 , 22 , 24 , 49 ] and it is not always clear to what extent vaccination was practised in the study populations. No reports on prevalence from the particular area of this study have been found but it was clear that brucellosis is endemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No reports from the current study area could be found but in two neighbouring districts the animal prevalence was estimated to 14% [ 23 ]. However, Kabi et al [ 24 ] reported that the seroprevalence in Ugandan cattle varies between agro-ecological zones. The within-herd prevalence of bovine brucellosis has been estimated to 26% in peri-urban and urban Kampala [ 20 ] and from 1 to 90% in Mbarara district [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity aspects of cattle production in Western Uganda, and associations with seroprevalence of brucellosis, salmonellosis and bovine viral diarrhoea

et al. 2017

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BackgroundMany low-income countries have a human population with a high number of cattle owners depending on their livestock for food and income. Infectious diseases threaten the health and production of cattle, affecting both the farmers and their families as well as other actors in often informal value chains. Many infectious diseases can be prevented by good biosecurity. The objectives of this study were to describe herd management and biosecurity routines with potential impact on the prevalence of infectious diseases, and to estimate the burden of infectious diseases in Ugandan cattle herds, using the seroprevalence of three model infections.ResultsFarmer interviews (n = 144) showed that biosecurity measures are rarely practised. Visitors’ hand-wash was used by 14%, cleaning of boots or feet by 4 and 79% put new cattle directly into the herd. During the 12 months preceding the interviews, 51% of farmers had cattle that died and 31% had noticed abortions among their cows. Interestingly, 72% were satisfied with the health status of their cattle during the same time period. The prevalence (95% CI) of farms with at least one seropositive animal was 16.7% (11.0;23.8), 23.6% (16.9;31.4), and 53.4% (45.0;61.8) for brucella, salmonella and BVD, respectively.A poisson regression model suggested that having employees looking after the cattle, sharing pasture with other herds, and a higher number of dead cattle were associated with a herd being positive to an increasing number of the diseases. An additive bayesian network model with biosecurity variables and a variable for the number of diseases the herd was positive to resulted in three separate directed acyclic graphs which illustrate how herd characteristics can be grouped together. This model associated the smallest herd size with herds positive to a decreasing number of diseases and having fewer employees.ConclusionThere is potential for improvement of biosecurity practices in Ugandan cattle production. Salmonella, brucella and BVD were prevalent in cattle herds in the study area and these infections are, to some extent, associated with farm management practices.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-017-1306-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Increasingly, these farmers are adopting intensive production methods such as zero-grazing (stall-feeding system) and paddocking systems, while improving their indigenous breeds by crossing them with high yielding dairy breeds such as the Friesian cows. Land ownership is individual, and houses are mostly permanent [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“There are many fevers”: Communities’ perception and management of Febrile illness and its relationship with human animal interactions in South-Western Uganda

et al. 2022

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Diagnosing the causative agent of febrile illness in resource-limited countries is a challenge in part due to lack of adequate diagnostic infrastructure to confirm cause of infection. Most febrile illnesses (>60%) are non-malarial, with a significant proportion being zoonotic and likely from animal origins. To better characterize the pathways for zoonotic disease transmission and control in vulnerable communities, adequate information on the communities’ experiences and lexicon describing fever, and their understanding and perceptions of risk pathways is required. We undertook an ethnographic study to understand behaviors, exposures, and attitudes toward fever at the community level. Our hope is to better elucidate areas of priority surveillance and diagnostic investment. A focused ethnography consisting of participant observation, informal conversations, 4 barazas (community meetings), and formal ethnographic interviews (13 Focus group discussions and 17 Key informant interviews) was conducted between April and November 2015 in Kasese and Hoima Districts in Uganda. Perception of illness and associated risk factors was heavily influenced by the predominant livelihood activity of the community. The term “fever” referred to multiple temperature elevating disease processes, recognized as distinct pathological occurrences. However, malaria was the illness often cited, treated, or diagnosed both at the health facilities and through self-diagnosis and treatment. As expected, fever is as an important health challenge affecting all ages. Recognition of malarial fever was consistent with a biomedical model of disease while non-malarial fevers were interpreted mainly through ethno etiological models of explanation. These models are currently being used to inform education and prevention strategies and treatment regimens toward the goal of improving patients’ outcomes and confidence in the health system. Development of treatment algorithms that consider social, cultural, and economic contexts, especially where human-animal interaction is prevalent, should factor animal exposure and zoonotic illnesses as important differentials.

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Spatial distribution of Brucella antibodies with reference to indigenous cattle populations among contrasting agro-ecological zones of Uganda

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface in Rwanda

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface in Rwanda

Biosecurity aspects of cattle production in Western Uganda, and associations with seroprevalence of brucellosis, salmonellosis and bovine viral diarrhoea

“There are many fevers”: Communities’ perception and management of Febrile illness and its relationship with human animal interactions in South-Western Uganda

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