Spatial distribution of autotrophic picoplankton in relation to physical forcings: the Gulf of Cadiz, Strait of Gibraltar and Alboran Sea case study

Echevarrı́a, Fidel; Zabala, Laura; Corzo, Alfonso; Navarro, Gabriel; Prieto, Laura; Macías, Diego

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbp070

Cited by 51 publications

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“…Conventional thinking is represented by Li (2002), who found inverse relationships between picoplankton cell abundance and biomass relative to total Chl a values from a series of Atlantic Ocean studies, whereas small nanoplankton were relatively invariant across the orders of magnitude of Chl a concentration. More recently, it has been reported that there is a negative trend in picoplankton cell reduction under eutrophic conditions in three coastal systems south of the Iberian Peninsula (Echevarría et al 2009). Ning et al (2000) observed that the Synechococcus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…has been found to vary positively with Chl a concentrations and dominate the phytoplankton community's response in a coastal upwelling system (Garrison et al 2000;Tsai et al 2010b). However, the factors that regulate size structure of phytoplankton under different trophic conditions are still being debated (Agawin et al 2000;Echevarría et al 2009). For instance, in the Oregon coastal upwelling ecosystem, Sherr et al (2005) found a negative relationship between integrated abundance of picophytoplankton cells and Chl a concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Picoplankton Dynamics and Their Trophic Roles in the Microbial Food-Web Processes in the Southern East China Sea Upwelling Region During Summer

Tsai¹,

Gong²,

Chiang³

et al. 2014

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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We monitored the abundance and biomass of nanoflagellates and their potential prey, heterotrophic bacteria, and Synechococcus spp. five times during the summers in 2010 and 2011. We used size-fractionation to measure growth and grazing rates of heterotrophic bacteria and Synechococcus spp. Temporal changes in surface water chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations during our study were caused by an influx of nutrient-rich water upwelling into the surface water. The bacterial growth rates ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 h -1 and grazing rates from 0 to 0.06 h -1 . Bacterial growth rate had a positive relationship with Chl a concentration. Furthermore, growth and grazing rates of Synechococcus spp. ranged from 0.01 to 0.09 and 0 to 0.02 h -1 , respectively. During the study period about 68% of the bacterial production and 41% of the Synechococcus spp. production was grazed by nanoflagellates in the southern East China Sea upwelling region, thus, a large fraction of bacterial biomass is transferred to higher trophic levels via nanoflagellate grazing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picoplankton Dynamics and Their Trophic Roles in the Microbial Food-Web Processes in the Southern East China Sea Upwelling Region During Summer

Tsai¹,

Gong²,

Chiang³

et al. 2014

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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“…Productivity levels are usually lower than in the GoC (e.g. Echevarria et al, 2009) while fishery yields are also less important than on the Atlantic side.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The GoC presents medium primary productivity levels (e.g. Echevarria et al, 2009) mainly associated to the coastal zone, to frontal regions and to the discharges of the main river, the Guadalquivir Garcia-Lafuente & Ruiz, 2007;Prieto et al, 2009). All this primary productivity is channelled up through the food web to maintain quite high fish productivity and diversity (Catalan et al, 2006;Ruiz et al, 2009) that sustain an economically important fishing activity in the region (Baldó et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-resolution hydrodynamic-biogeochemical coupled model of the Gulf of Cadiz – Alboran Sea region.

Macías¹,

Guerreiro²,

Prieto³

et al. 2014

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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The southern Iberia regional seas comprise the Gulf of Cadiz and the Alboran Sea sub-basins connected by the narrow Strait of Gibraltar. Both basins are very different in their hydrological and biological characteristics but are, also, tightly connected to each other. Integrative studies of the whole regional oceanic system are scarce and difficult to perform due to the relative large area to cover and the different relevant time-scales of the main forcing in each sub-basin. Here we propose, for the first time, a fully coupled, 3D, hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model that covers, in a single domain (~2km resolution) both marine basins for a 20-year simulation (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008). Model performance is assessed against available data in terms of spatial and temporal distribution of biological variables. In general, the proposed model is able to represent the climatological distribution of primary and secondary producers and also the main seasonality of primary production in the various sub-regions of the analyzed basins. Potential causes of the observed mismatches between model and data are identified and some solutions are proposed for future model development. We conclude that most of these mismatches could be attributed to the missing tidal forcing in the actual model configuration. This model is a first step towards obtaining a meaningful tool to study past and future oceanographic conditions in this important marine region, which constitutes the unique connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the open ocean.

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“…Knowledge of the picophytoplankton distribution and biomass is rather limited in the Gulf of Cádiz (36°N, 6°W), and consequently little is known about the influence of these organisms on the carbon cycling of this area. Among the published work related to the area and topic of study, Huertas et al (2005) studied the influence of phytoplankton biomass and physicochemical variables on the CO 2 concentration under a spring bloom, and Echevarría et al (2009) analyzed the distribution pattern of picoplanktonic autotrophs during summer. However, as far as we know, there are no published studies linking these variables over an annual cycle, which clearly hampers our ability to estimate the influence of picophytoplankton on the annual carbon cycle of the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picophytoplankton and carbon cycle on the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Ribas-Ribas¹,

Sobrino²,

Debelius³

et al. 2013

Sci. Mar.

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were carried out on the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (southwest Iberian Peninsula) to relate the spatio-temporal distribution of the carbon cycle parameters (dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved organic carbon) to picophytoplankton biomass and community composition. In addition, the net ecosystem production and the picophytoplankton contribution to the air-sea CO 2 exchange process were investigated. The results showed that chlorophyll-a, carbon cycle parameters and picophytoplankton composition showed large seasonality, and the Guadalquivir Estuary plays an important role in the contribution of nutrient and suspended particular material over the year. Regarding picophytoplankton composition, the flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were the main populations in the studied area and their temporal and spatial distributions were complementary: the Prochlorococcus population showed its maximum concentration in May'07 and Jun'06 and in the surface oceanic water, whereas the Synechococcus population was at its maximum during Feb'07 and Nov'06, and off the Guadalquivir Estuary and Bay of Cádiz. In addition, a relationship between the studied parameters and the fugacity of CO 2 was also observed, suggesting that primary production is an important factor in the regulation of this parameter in the studied area. The calculated carbon budget showed that the area acts as a carbon sink on an annual basis.Keywords: carbon cycle, chlorophyll-a, picophytoplankton, seasonal variations, coastal zone, Guadalquivir Estuary, Gulf of Cádiz.RESUMEN: PicofitoPlancton y ciclo del carbono en la Plataforma continental noreste del golfo de cádiz (so Península ibérica). -Se llevaron a cabo cuatro campañas oceanográficas (Jun'06 y Nov'06; Feb'07 y May'07) en la plataforma continental noreste del golfo de Cádiz (suroeste de la península Ibérica) para relacionar la distribución espaciotemporal de los parámetros del ciclo del carbono (carbono inorgánico disuelto y carbono orgánico disuelto) con la biomasa picofitoplanctónica y la composición de la comunidad. Además, se investigó la producción neta del ecosistema y la contribución del picofitoplancton al proceso de intercambio atmósfera-agua de CO 2 . Los resultados mostraron que la clorofila-a, los parámetros del ciclo del carbono y la composición del picofitoplancton presentaron una gran estacionalidad, jugando el estuario del Guadalquivir un papel importante en la contribución de nutrientes y material particulado en suspensión a lo largo del año. Los análisis de citometría demostraron que Prochlorococcus y Synechococcus fueron las principales poblaciones en el área de estudio y que su distribución espacial y temporal fue complementaria: Prochlorococcus presentó la máxima concentración en primavera y verano en aguas superficiales oceánicas, mientras que Synechococcus en invierno y otoño en aguas someras. Además, se observó una relación entre los parámetros estudiados y fugacidad de CO 2 , lo que sugiere que la producción primaria es un fact...

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Spatial distribution of autotrophic picoplankton in relation to physical forcings: the Gulf of Cadiz, Strait of Gibraltar and Alboran Sea case study

Cited by 51 publications

References 50 publications

Picoplankton Dynamics and Their Trophic Roles in the Microbial Food-Web Processes in the Southern East China Sea Upwelling Region During Summer

Picoplankton Dynamics and Their Trophic Roles in the Microbial Food-Web Processes in the Southern East China Sea Upwelling Region During Summer

A high-resolution hydrodynamic-biogeochemical coupled model of the Gulf of Cadiz – Alboran Sea region.

Picophytoplankton and carbon cycle on the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

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