Spatial distribution of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in Suba and Teso districts in Western Kenya

Thumbi, Samuel M.; Jung'a, J.O.; Mosi, R.O.; McOdimba, Francis

doi:10.1186/1756-0500-3-6

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Tsetse prevalence in western Kenya, including in Turkana and West Pokot that neighbour Karamoja, and whose people routinely migrate to Karamoja in search of water and pasture, have previously been documented [65]. This belt from southern Karamoja thus appears to be an expansion of the western Kenya tsetse belt that has previously been reported, with an expanding tsetse belt in the region bordering Uganda [23,24,66].…”

Section: Tsetse Prevalence and Distribution Patternsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Studies in parts of Kenya and Uganda have revealed that climate, knowledge of tsetse and their control methods, culture, farming practices and demographic factors have a significant influence on its prevalence [23,24]. The occurrence belt observed in eastern and mid-eastern Uganda now appears to be progressing towards the Karamoja sub-region [19,22,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tsetse Invasion as an Emerging Threat to Socioecological Resilience of Pastoral Communities in Karamoja, Uganda

et al. 2020

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Over 70% of Uganda is infested by the tsetse fly, which has negative effects on human and livestock health. From colonial to post-independent Uganda, the Government of Uganda has worked to eradicate the tsetse menace. Despite these efforts, recent veterinary reports from the Karamoja sub-region have indicated widespread tsetse invasion. This study investigated the potential impact of tsetse invasion on the socioecological resilience of pastoral communities in the Karamoja sub-region. Results indicated that tsetse invasion is spreading from north to south of Karamoja. The tsetse transmission route emerging from southern Karamoja is perceived to be a continuation of the tsetse belt from West Pokot, Kenya. Cases of livestock deaths, livestock abortions, decreased milk yields, restricted access to prime grazing lands, heightened human-wildlife conflicts and disruption on crop cultivation have been reported. A computed socioecological resilience index in the study area was positive but low. Owing to the transboundary characteristics of tsetse invasions and sources and the associated documented effects, an urgent, strategic and system-wide intervention should be undertaken to control the tsetse invasion in this sub-region. software, J.O. and J.P.M.; validation, A.E., J.O., J.P.M. and B.B.; formal analysis, A.E., J.O. and J.P.M.; investigation, A.E. and J.O.; resources, A.E.; data curation, J.O., J.P.M. and A.S.; writing-original draft preparation, A.E.; writing-review and editing, A.E., J.O., B.B., and A.S.; visualization, A.E., J.O., B.B. and A.S.; supervision, J.J.N.; project administration, A.E.; funding acquisition, A.E. and J.J.N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Section: Tsetse Prevalence and Distribution Patternsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsetse Invasion as an Emerging Threat to Socioecological Resilience of Pastoral Communities in Karamoja, Uganda

et al. 2020

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“…3).The distribution of HAT agent(T. b. gambiense), the cause of West African Trypanosomosis followed closely the distribution of its vector (Glossina f.fuscipes) a riverine species of the palpalis group incriminated for HAT in South Sudan( Map 3). The use of GIS software now makes it cheaper and easier to produce maps which can serve as useful tools for policy discussion, and allow for analysis of factors that would influence the disease patterns (Thumbi et al, 2010). …”

Section: Results:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Remote Sensing and Geographical Positioning System to Spatial Distribution of Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Kajo-Keji County South Sudan.

Lukaw¹,

Evuk²,

Abdelrahman³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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“…African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) affects livestock production negatively particularly in East Africa where tsetse flies are endemic. Thirty-seven countries within the Sub-Saharan region are affected [1] and it is estimated that 45 -50 million cattle are at risk of trypanosomes' infection in the region with an estimated economic loss of approximately US$1.3 billion in cattle production [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibody diagnostic methods such Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), Indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests as much as they are very useful in detection of trypanosomes, they are incapable of differentiating past or current infection. Furthermore they are not applicable in the field [1] [11]. Molecular techniques on the other hand offer sensitive and specific tools for the diagnosis of blood-borne infectious diseases and rely primarily on the detection of the causative agent's genome in the blood sample [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopy Underestimates the Prevalence of Trypanosomes’ Infection in Asymptomatic Cattle and Sheep in a Lowland Area within the Kenyan Rift Valley

Ngetich¹,

Magak²,

Moses³

2019

OJVM

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Animal trypanosomosis continues to impede animal production in sub-Saharan Africa mostly in locations where tsetse flies are endemic. This has ended up devastating many livelihoods where majority of the people depend on livestock farming as source of food and income generation. The true picture on prevalence and identity of trypanosome species is scanty or unknown in most areas where tsetse flies are present. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of trypanosomes' infection in cattle and sheep using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The use of PCR for detection and identification of trypanosomes has increased sensitivity of diagnostic method compared to conventional microscopy. Ninety asymptomatic free range grazed animals including 72 cattle and 18 sheep randomly sampled from farmers in Kerio Valley of Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Kenya were used in the present study. Blood samples (5 ml) obtained from each of the animals were used for trypanosomes' detection by microscopy and PCR assay methods. Microscopy results showed that only 2 cattle (2.8%) were positive for trypanosomosis infection. The microscopy results for the sheep showed zero prevalence. On the other hand, PCR results reported 26 trypanosomosis positive cattle (36.1%) and 3 (16.7%) trypanosomosis positive sheep. The PCR method was further used for trypanosomes' species identification and the results showed that the 26 infected cattle were positive for T. congolense (12) and T. brucei (14) while the three sheep were all positive for T. brucei. The findings of the present study show that microscopy underestimates trypanosomosis detection and therefore cannot be relied upon as a tool for diagnosis. Besides, the method is How to cite this paper: Ngetich, E.C., Magak, N.G. and Moses, N. (2019) Microscopy Underestimates the Prevalence of Trypanosomes' Infection in Asymptomatic Cattle and Sheep in a Lowland Area within the

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Spatial distribution of African Animal Trypanosomiasis in Suba and Teso districts in Western Kenya

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

Tsetse Invasion as an Emerging Threat to Socioecological Resilience of Pastoral Communities in Karamoja, Uganda

Tsetse Invasion as an Emerging Threat to Socioecological Resilience of Pastoral Communities in Karamoja, Uganda

Application of Remote Sensing and Geographical Positioning System to Spatial Distribution of Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Kajo-Keji County South Sudan.

Microscopy Underestimates the Prevalence of Trypanosomes’ Infection in Asymptomatic Cattle and Sheep in a Lowland Area within the Kenyan Rift Valley

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