Spatial distribution, occurrence, and health risk assessment of nitrate, fluoride, and arsenic in Bam groundwater resource, Iran

Toolabi, Ali; Bonyadi, Ziaeddin; Paydar, Maryam; Najafpoor, Ali Asghar; Ramavandi, Bahman

doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100543

Cited by 65 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In the above equation, the cancerous risk through the oral intake and carcinogenic slope factor (CSF) value of nitrate is 10 -5 mg/kg/day, respectively (Darvishmotevalli et al 2019;Toolabi et al 2021).…”

Section: Health Risk Assessment (Hra)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to a lack of surface water, one-third of the world's population, particularly in arid and semi-arid countries, relies on groundwater for their daily requirements, particularly for drinking (USEPA 2014). As a result of natural environmental changes and human activities such as agricultural and industrial activities, groundwater quality is gradually deteriorating, resulting in a water shortage crisis and a host of environmental challenges (Satyanarayana et al 2017;Toolabi et al 2021). The groundwater contaminations aggravated by nitrate and fluoride concentrations affect human health risk for the past two decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluorine is the common elements found in soil and water and introduced by USEPA as one of the hazardous chemical contaminants (Amiri and Berndtsson 2020;Toolabi et al 2021;Sohrabi et al 2021). Fluoride naturally found in granite, gneisses, basalt and shale rocks, and fluoride ions enters water environments significantly via different pathways viz., beryllium extraction, bricks and iron works, aluminium smelters, coal-based power stations, and industries of electroplating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Nitrate (NO 3 − ) concentrations are widely found in nitrogencontaining fertilizers. Improper disposal of wastes animal feedlots, dairies, agricultural land, and landfills leachate can elevate the nitrate content of water bodies (Toolabi et al 2021). The presence of NO 3 − in potable water is harmful to animal and human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride toxicity in groundwater contamination in the semi-arid area of Medchal, South India

et al. 2021

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Hydrogeochemical controlling variables for the high rate of groundwater contamination in a shallow hard rock aquifer of the semi-arid region of Medchal District, Telangana State, South India, and its associated health risk to children and adults were studied in detail. A total of 56 groundwater samples were analysed for major ion chemistry in pre- and post-monsoon seasons in 2019 year. Spatial distribution, hydrochemical facies, water–rock interaction, health risk assessment, carcinogenic risk, and principal component analyses were carried out to assess the water quality. Spatial distribution of nitrate and fluoride concentrations, high values were observed in the northern, southern, central, and south-western parts of the region. In terms of NO3−, about 88% and 63% and for F− 45% and 32% of the groundwater samples are non-acceptable limits of nitrate 45 mg/l and fluoride 1.5 mg/l during pre- and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Modified Gibb’s plot showed the majority of the area is dominated by rock dominance and evaporation mechanisms. Statistical analysis reveals that water chemistry is governed by weathering of feldspar minerals and the cation exchange reaction mechanism. The petro-graphical studies revealed the dominance of plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz, biotite, apatite, and hornblende minerals in the host rock. The factor analysis results reveal that the geogenic and anthropogenic activities contribute to groundwater chemistry. Health risk assessment was carried out by calculating the hazard quotient (HQ) on the basis of intake exposure of groundwater, as per the USEPA. Results were obtained for total hazard index value greater than 1 for adults and children, which causes non-cancerous health effects.

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Section: Health Risk Assessment (Hra)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride toxicity in groundwater contamination in the semi-arid area of Medchal, South India

et al. 2021

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“…Fluoride (F − ) is the 13 th most abundant element present in the natural environment (Thippeswamy et al, 2021;Tian et al, 2021) and one of the 12 th most hazardous elements in the biosphere (Kimambo et al, 2019;Toolabi et al, 2020). In recent times, more than 200 million people in 29 countries across the world including India, China, Saudi Arabia, United States, Uganda, Tanzania, and Ethiopia are affected due to fluoride toxicity and the number is increasing gradually with time (Amini et al, 2008;Brindha and Elango, 2013;Vithanage and Bhattacharya, 2015;Ali et al, 2016;Kimambo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Exposure and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment Through Different Agricultural Food Crops From Fluoride Endemic Bankura and Purulia Districts of West Bengal, India

Mridha

Ray

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The present study investigates the magnitude of fluoride (F−) contamination in agricultural land soil and food crops from F− endemic regions of Bankura and Purulia districts in West Bengal. Mean fluoride level in agricultural soil was 114 ± 59 mg/kg (n = 41) and 126 ± 65 mg/kg (n = 47) in Bankura and Purulia districts, respectively. Considering the food crops cultivated in Bankura (n = 79) and Purulia (n = 108), the mean fluoride concentration in nonleafy vegetables (18.1 ± 6.51 mg/kg and 15.6 ± 5.93 mg/kg) and leafy vegetables (12.8 ± 2.8 mg/kg and 18.4 ± 6.33 mg/kg) from the two studied districts was comparatively higher than that in the cereal (2 ± 1.05 mg/kg and 2.01 ± 1.01 mg/kg) and pulses (3.35 ± 1.42 mg/kg and 4.82 ± 1.19 mg/kg). The BCF values of fluoride in food crops (n = 27) from Bankura (range: 0.007–0.377) and Purulia (range: 0.005–0.319) were much lower than the optimum value of 1. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of fluoride was the highest for children in both Bankura (EDIcumulative = 0.0291 mg/kg bw/day) and Purulia (EDIcumulative = 0.0326 mg/kg bw/day) among all the studied age groups. The nonleafy vegetables contributed the highest exposure of fluoride (approximately 55.5%) to EDIcumulative among all the food crops. The uncertainty analysis for assessment of probabilistic health risk was carried out for all the studied age groups through hazard index (HI), total hazard index (THI), and lifetime noncarcinogenic risk (HILTNR). However, HI value was found to be <1 for all the age groups resulting in no such kind of potential health risk of fluorosis through consumption of individual food crops, and the trend of THI from all the food crops was found in the order of children > adults > adolescents > teenagers from both districts. The lifetime noncarcinogenic risk (HILTNR) of fluoride with percentile doses from P5 to P95 (exploring the model of Monte Carlo simulation) in all the studied age groups (4–70 years) was found to be >1 indicating that the inhabitants were more vulnerable for their total lifetime period of fluoride exposure through consumption of food crops.

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Efficient removal of nitrate and arsenic using a two‐stage biotic‐abiotic treatment system

Upadhyaya¹,

Raymond

Guarin

et al. 2022

AWWA Water Science

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Nitrate and arsenic often co-exist in groundwater sources. Reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and ion exchange are the commonly implemented technologies for nitrate removal. Compared to these technologies that generate high-strength waste streams, biological treatment converts nitrate to innocuous nitrogen gas without producing a concentrated waste. When nitrate and arsenic co-exist in a water source, combining a biotic process for nitrate removal with an abiotic process (i.e., chemical-physical process such as coagulation/flocculation) for arsenic removal may provide an effective approach for simultaneous removal of these contaminants. A 12-month pilot study was conducted with a two-stage, fixed-bed biotreatment system, originally developed for nitrate removal, for simultaneous removal of nitrate and arsenic. With an empty bed contact time as low as 10 min in the bioreactor, nitrate was consistently lowered from ~35 mg/L N to <0.1 mg/ L N (treatment target was <1 mg/L N), whereas arsenic was effectively lowered from ~14 μg/L to <5 μg/L. Overall, the results demonstrated efficient and resilient simultaneous removal of nitrate and arsenic using a two-stage biotic-abiotic treatment system.

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Spatial distribution, occurrence, and health risk assessment of nitrate, fluoride, and arsenic in Bam groundwater resource, Iran

Cited by 65 publications

References 54 publications

Health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride toxicity in groundwater contamination in the semi-arid area of Medchal, South India

Health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride toxicity in groundwater contamination in the semi-arid area of Medchal, South India

Fluoride Exposure and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment Through Different Agricultural Food Crops From Fluoride Endemic Bankura and Purulia Districts of West Bengal, India

Efficient removal of nitrate and arsenic using a two‐stage biotic‐abiotic treatment system

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