Spatial distribution and source tracing of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water in Northern Europe

Nguyen, Minh A.; Wiberg, Karin; Ribéli, Erik; Josefsson, Sarah; Futter, Martyn N.; Gustavsson, Jakob; Ahrens, Lutz

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.089

Cited by 99 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this work, we studied the concentrations of 23 PFASs in 11 riverine waters during four seasons. The average concentration of PFAS (7.9 ± 11 ng L −1 ) was on the same level as concentrations in Swedish rivers (9.9 ± 15 ng L − 1) presented by Nguyen et al [17]. However, the mean concentrations of PFBS, PFHxS and PFDA were 42, 23 and 15 times higher in Sweden than in Finland, respectively.…”

Section: Pfass In Surface Waterssupporting

confidence: 74%

PFASs in Finnish Rivers and Fish and the Loading of PFASs to the Baltic Sea

Junttila

Vähä

Perkola

et al. 2019

Water

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The concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Finnish aquatic environment were measured in riverine waters and in inland, coastal and open sea fish. In addition, the PFAS load to the Baltic Sea from 11 rivers was calculated. Measurements show that PFASs, including restricted perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), are widely present in the Finnish aquatic environment. At three out of 45 sampling sites, the concentration of PFOS in fish exceeded the environmental quality standard (EQS) of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The annual average (AA) ∑23PFAS concentration in surface waters ranged from 1.8 to 42 ng L−1 and the concentration of PFOS exceeded the AA-EQS in three out of 13 water bodies. In European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras), the ∑PFAS concentration ranged from 0.98 to 1 µg kg−1 f.w. (fresh weight) and from 0.2 to 2.4 µg kg−1 f.w., respectively. The highest concentrations in both surface water and fish were found in waters of southern Finland. The riverine export of ∑10PFAS to the Baltic Sea from individual rivers ranged from 0.4 kg yr−1 to 18 kg yr−1. PFAS concentrations in fish of point-source-polluted sites and coastal sites were higher compared to fish of open sea or diffusely polluted sites. The PFAS profiles in surface waters of background sites were different from other sites. This study shows that PFASs are widely found in the Finnish aquatic environment. Different PFAS profiles in samples from background areas and densely populated areas indicate diverse sources of PFASs. Although atmospheric deposition has a substantial influence on PFAS occurrence in remote areas, it is not the dominant source of all PFASs to the aquatic environment of Finland. Rather, wastewaters and presumably contaminated land areas are major sources of PFASs to this aquatic environment.

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Section: Pfass In Surface Waterssupporting

confidence: 74%

PFASs in Finnish Rivers and Fish and the Loading of PFASs to the Baltic Sea

Junttila

Vähä

Perkola

et al. 2019

Water

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“…The highest PFOS concentration measured in this study was on 22/06/2017 in the Rhône River (4.6 ng L −1 ), where 1.8 ng L −1 was the lowest concentration observed (on 05/01/2018). These values are comparable to those of the River Rhine upstream of Leverkusen in Germany (1.41-6.38 ng L −1 , Möller et al, 2010) and Swedish Rivers (0.04-6.90 ng L −1 , Nguyen et al, 2017) as well as those of three samples collected in the Rhône River in 2012 (1.5-4.9 ng L −1 , Munoz et al, 2015). Significantly higher PFOS concentrations of 36.3-703.3 ng L −1 were measured in the Yangtze River Estuary in China (Pan and You, 2010).…”

Section: Relative Abundances Of Individual Compoundssupporting

confidence: 79%

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Bay of Marseille (NW Mediterranean Sea) and the Rhône River

Schmidt

Fauvelle

Castro-Jiménez

et al. 2019

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Four perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were analyzed in 62 duplicate surface water samples from the Rhône River and Marseille Bay (France; NW Mediterranean Sea). Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected in all samples and exceeded the European Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) values in over 80% of the cases. The most contaminated samples were from the Rhône River (up to 200 ng L-1 ∑ 4 PFAS), as well as those collected near a wastewater treatment plant outlet in Marseille Bay (up to 9 ng L −1 ∑ 4 PFAS). While PFOS was the predominant PFAS in Marseille Bay, remarkably high concentrations of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were measured in the Rhône River (8-193 ng L −1). The relative abundances of individual compounds differed thus significantly between the Rhône River and Marseille Bay, indicating different sources. A simulation made with the MARS3D model showed that PFOS inputs from the Rhône River can enter Marseille Bay at levels > EQS.

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“…The CECs within this data set will have a range of persistence both during wastewater treatment and environmental transport (Glassmeyer et al ). In general, the per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are more resistant to treatment (Zhang et al , Rahman et al ) and more stable in the environment (Nguyen et al , Happonen et al , Wang et al ) than most CECs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeled De Facto Reuse and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Drinking Water Source Waters

et al. 2018

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De facto reuse is the percentage of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) intake potentially composed of effluent discharged from upstream wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Results from grab samples and a De Facto Reuse in our Nation's Consumable Supply (DRINCS) geospatial watershed model were used to quantify contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) concentrations at DWTP intakes to qualitatively compare exposure risks obtained by the two approaches. Between nine and 71 CECs were detected in grab samples. The number of upstream WWTP discharges ranged from 0 to >1,000; comparative de facto reuse results from DRINCS ranged from <0.1 to 13% during average flow and >80% during lower streamflows. Correlation between chemicals detected and DRINCS modeling results were observed, particularly DWTPs withdrawing from midsize water bodies. This comparison advances the utility of DRINCS to identify locations of DWTPs for future CEC sampling and treatment technology testing.Keywords: contaminants of emerging concern, de facto reuse, drinking water source water, transport and fate E2 NGUYEN ET AL. | APRIL 2018 • 110:4 | JOURNAL AWWA

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Spatial distribution and source tracing of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in surface water in Northern Europe

Cited by 99 publications

References 42 publications

PFASs in Finnish Rivers and Fish and the Loading of PFASs to the Baltic Sea

PFASs in Finnish Rivers and Fish and the Loading of PFASs to the Baltic Sea

Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Bay of Marseille (NW Mediterranean Sea) and the Rhône River

Modeled De Facto Reuse and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Drinking Water Source Waters

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