Spatial distribution and optimum sample size for monitoring of water lily aphid Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (L.) in Makhana Euryale ferox Salisb

Spatial distribution pattern of male adults of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in lemon orchards in Northern Portugal

“…The knowledge of such patterns, especially species considered pests, holds paramount significance, especially within the domains of agriculture and pest control. The understanding of spatial distribution patterns of a pest is crucial for the formulation and application of effective sampling, monitoring and control strategies (Bakry et al, 2023;Benhadi-Marín et al, 2021;He et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2008;Padala et al, 2023).…”

“…In the context of P. citrella management, implementing sequential sampling plans utilizing dispersion indices offers a promising avenue for reducing sampling efforts while maintaining accuracy (Bakry et al, 2023;Benhadi-Marín et al, 2021;He et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2008;Padala et al, 2023). These plans have demonstrated significant efficiency gains compared to traditional sampling approaches (Bakry et al, 2023;Benhadi-Marín et al, 2021;Padala et al, 2023), providing a practical and resource-efficient approach to monitor and control citrus leafminer.…”

“…In the context of P. citrella management, implementing sequential sampling plans utilizing dispersion indices offers a promising avenue for reducing sampling efforts while maintaining accuracy (Bakry et al, 2023;Benhadi-Marín et al, 2021;He et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2008;Padala et al, 2023). These plans have demonstrated significant efficiency gains compared to traditional sampling approaches (Bakry et al, 2023;Benhadi-Marín et al, 2021;Padala et al, 2023), providing a practical and resource-efficient approach to monitor and control citrus leafminer. Therefore, the objectives of this work were as follows: (a) to study the population fluctuations of male adults of P. citrella in lemon orchards in Northern Portugal, (b) to assess the spatial distribution of the population in the studied orchard and (c) to estimate the minimum sampling effort to have a good estimate of population density.…”