Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in manganese (Mn) contaminated site

Abstract

The spatial distribution, migration characteristics, and ecological risks of heavy metals in manganese (Mn) contaminated sites were studied by field investigation and geostatistical analysis. In this study, surface soil samples were collected from an Mn mine wasteland and the soil in this area was polluted by Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Cr, and the corresponding element concentrations were 16.3, 15.4, 15.0, 9.90, 6.10, and 1.1 times of the limited standard, respectively. In addition, the soil in different samples in the same region has obvious heterogeneity. By using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the heavy metal concentrations in soil samples were determined. ICP-MS corroborated XRF for soil heavy metal determination and showed that XRF was a reliable and quick alternative for heavy metal determination in soil. To discover heavy metal distribution trends, distribution maps of heavy metals were created using the Kriging interpolation method. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo), improved Nemerow index (INI), and potential ecological risk index (RI) was used to assess the pollution degree and the environmental risk of metal pollution in the study area. The contamination degree of heavy metal is Mn > Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr. The spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in manganese contaminated sites will help to monitor the migration trajectory of heavy metals in mining areas and protect the soil from long-term accumulation of heavy metals. It provides the basis for heavy metal pollution remediation strategy and ecological risk management.

Characterizing the Atmospheric Mn Cycle and Its Impact on Terrestrial Biogeochemistry

“…There are more locations with soil Mn measurements than atmospheric observations, but they are concentrated mostly in Europe and the U.S. Because of the uneven distribution of the soil observations and the limited number of them across many countries, we are not able to capture the variability of the soil Mn concentration at finer scales. For example, we did not include in our interpolation approach measurements of Mn concentration at metal‐contaminated sites associated with mining or other industries (Lv et al., 2022), which could be patchy but important across industrialized regions (Herndon et al., 2011), having potential feedbacks on the reemission of the aerosols as dust. We suggest the value of more measurements on not only Mn, but also other trace elements in soils, especially in more developing countries, the higher latitudes, and the tropics.…”

Characterizing the Atmospheric Mn Cycle and Its Impact on Terrestrial Biogeochemistry

“…There are more locations with soil Mn measurements than atmospheric observations, but they are concentrated mostly in Europe and the U.S. Because of the uneven distribution of the soil observations and the limited number of them across many countries, we are not able to capture the variability of the soil Mn concentration at small scale. For example, we did not include manuscript submitted to Global Biogeochemical Cycles measurements of Mn concentration at metal-contaminated sites associated with mining or other industries (Lv et al, 2022) in either interpolation approach. With the currently available soil data, the linear interpolation approach is uncertain in areas where in-situ soil observations are sparse and less representative, whereas the problem with soil order extrapolation is that several soil orders show a lack of sufficient measurements to calibrate the median value.…”