Spatial Distribution and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Citrus Fruits

Abstract

Citrus fruits are recommended components of the human diet because of their enriched composition in bioactive compounds and health benefits. Among their notable components are phenols, with a special emphasis on flavonoids, limonoids, and carboxylic acids. In this research, we have carried out a spatial metabolomics analysis for the characterization of these bioactive families in three citrus fruits, namely, lemons, limes, and mandarins. Sampling was undertaken, for which the juices and three fruit tissues, namely, albedo, flavedo, and segments, were analyzed. This characterization allowed for the determination of 49 bioactive compounds in all the samples. The composition of the different extracts was correlated with the antioxidant capacity measured by the DPPH radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching assays. Flavonoids, found in the albedo and flavedo at higher concentrations, were the main components responsible for DPPH radical scavenging activity. On the other hand, the combined action of flavonoids and limonoids contributed to explaining the antioxidant activity measured by the β-carotene bleaching assay. Generally, the antioxidant capacity of juices was lower than that estimated for extracts from citrus tissues.

Orange Peel Waste as a Source of Bioactive Compounds and Valuable Products: Insights Based on Chemical Composition and Biorefining

“…These compounds can be extracted through different ways. Supercritical fluid extraction, conventional solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and the utilization of deep eutectic solvents are some of the ways reported in the open literature [73]. The methods, conditions, and typical yields are summarized in Table 3.…”

Potential Role of Dietary Phenolic Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Reports

“…Regarding flavonones, hesperidin derivatives are also predominant in citrus-based foods (0.026 mg/100 mL) [129,130], while honey and propolis present higher levels of pinocembrin (1.60-1.85 mg/100 g and 0.079-0.166 mg/100 mL, respectively) [131][132][133], and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. plant leaves and roots of liquiritin (1821 mg/100 g and 3336 mg/100 g, respectively) [132,134].…”

Optimization of QuEChERS Extraction for Determination of Carotenoids, Polyphenols, and Sterols in Orange Juice Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology

“…Polyphenols, sterols, and carotenoids are responsible for the effectiveness against these diseases. Although it was said that polyphenols have pro-oxidant activity reacted with copper ion [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], polyphenols are used as supplements in several functional foods worldwide owing to their antioxidant activity, which can protect human organs from oxidative stress [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”