Spatial distribution and air−water exchange of organophosphate esters in the lower Great Lakes

Occurrence and temperature dependence of atmospheric gas-phase organophosphate esters in high-mountain areas (Pyrenees)

“…Snow, soil, vegetation, water, and deposited atmospheric particles are some of the possible secondary sources in remote areas when significant correlations involving higher atmospheric concentrations at higher temperature are observed. Temperature trends similar to those reported in this study were attributed to volatilization of chlorinated OPEs from water bodies in the Canadian Arctic (Sühring et al, 2016a), by secondary emissions and gas-particle partitioning of TCEP, TCIPP, and TDCIPP in China (Wang et al, 2020a), and secondary TBP emissions from soil and water bodies in the Great Lakes (Ma et al, 2021). However, the high-mountain areas in the Pyrenees are covered with snow most of the year and, therefore, snow is a preliminary source to consider.…”

“…They were also con- Prats et al Chemosphere xxx (xxxx) 133467 sistent with other studies showing increased OPE concentrations in the warmer seasons of the year (Ohura et al, 2006;Salamova et al, 2014bSalamova et al, , 2016Wang et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2020). However, no correlations with temperature were found for many OPEs in urban air in Canada (Shoeib et al, 2014) or areas receiving human inputs in the Great Lakes (Ma et al, 2021). Temperature dependences of opposite sign were observed for TBP in Canadian urban areas (Saini et al, 2019b).…”