Spatial Differences and Drivers of Tourism Ecological Security in China’s Border Areas

Abstract

Tourism activities generally have a ∩-type lock on the level of tourism ecological security in an area, but when applied to the border areas of China, there are certain specificities in the spatial evolution of tourism ecological security (TES) compared to traditional findings. This paper measures tourism ecological security in China’s border areas from 2009 to 2020 by using the DPSIR model with the SBM-DEA and analyzes the spatial differences, evolutionary characteristics, and driving factors of tourism ecological security in border areas by using Pearson’s correlation coefficients, center of gravity models, and Geodetectors: (1) The overall tourism ecological security index of China’s border provinces is relatively good. Tourism activities do not completely affect the traditional “∩ lock” of the border provinces. The tourism ecological security level of the border provinces presents three spatial-temporal changes (“∩” type, “U” type, and “\” type) and four evolution trends (“high-high-high”, “middle-middle-medium”, “medium-low-low”, and “low-low-low”). (2) The overall tourism ecological security level in border areas is polarized between high and low levels, and the ecological security efficiency of the three large areas is spatially characterized as “Southwest Area > Northeast Area > Northwest Area”, and the center of gravity of ecological security is mostly concentrated in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Neimenggu, where the ecological security level is higher. (3) Social and environmental factors are the main factors that influence tourism ecological security in border areas, while economic factors account for a smaller proportion. Accordingly, this thesis also proposes the driving mechanism of the ecological security of tourism sites in border areas in China with a view to providing theoretical support for policy formulation.

Research on Environmental Protection of Rural Ecotourism Based on PSR Model

“…The aim is for the two to produce benign promotion and protect the ecological environment while developing rural tourism. The coupling coordination of this study is shown in Table 1 (Wang et al, 2023).…”

The border tourism hotspots network based on travelogues

“…However, the research on China's border tourism has mainly focused on national-level border tourism destinations or specific regional studies on border tourism spatial structures, tourist flows, development strategies, and regional systems in Northeast China, Southwest China, Xinjiang, and other regions. There has been no specific research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau border region [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] ].…”

Dynamic Evolution Characteristics and Drivers of Tourism-Related Ecological Security in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region

“…With the depth of the study, the focus of scholars shifted to a higher level of analysis concerning influencing factors. Scholars generally believe that population density, economic level, government capacity, and scientific and technological investment are the main factors affecting tourism-related ecological security [29,30], usually with the help of the gray correlation projection method [31], barrier degree model [32], geographic detector [33], structural equation modeling [34], etc., and the large quantity of practical evidence that has been collected. The research objects involve watersheds [35,36], provinces [36], cities [37][38][39], parks [40,41], scenic areas [42,43], islands [44,45], and mountains [46,47].…”