Spatial density estimates of Eurasian lynx (<i>Lynx lynx</i>) in the French Jura and Vosges Mountains

Giménez, Olivier; Gatti, Sylvain; Duchamp, Christophe; Germain, Estelle; Laurent, Alain; Zimmermann, Fridolin; Marboutin, Éric

doi:10.1002/ece3.5668

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…More accurate estimation of several population parameters has become possible thanks to the currently widespread use of camera traps and recent developments in spatial models 63 , 64 . Our overall lynx density range obtained within this study (0.26–1.85 lynx/100 km 2 suitable habitat) corresponds to spatial lynx density estimates reported from other areas in Europe e.g., French Jura and Vosges Mountains (0.24–0.91 lynx/100 km 2 ) 13 or Swiss Alps (1.04–1.47 lynx/100 km 2 ) 9 , 48 . Moreover, the mean posterior density of 0.26 lynx/100 km 2 from the Beskydy site is the second lowest spatial density reported from Europe just higher than the Doubs (0.24 lynx/100 km 2 ) 13 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Similarly to Avgan et al 65 , we have omitted using conventional non-spatial CR models and only the SCR model was used to estimate lynx densities. This model seems to be more reliable for lynx density estimation in comparison to standard closed CR models 13 , 48 . Besides the model used for density estimation, there are also several other factors that might affect density estimates and make the comparison between studies disputable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We conducted our deterministic survey during an 80-day period, although the majority of studies from the Carpathians and other European populations used 60-day length e.g. 9 , 11 , 13 , 18 . The extended period length in our study was set in order to obtain a sufficient number of captures and re-captures of individuals (the most crucial factor in obtaining a reliable and robust density estimation) mostly in the Beskydy, the site with the lowest density values situated at the periphery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Successful plans for conservation and management of lynx populations across Europe should rely on robust demographic data. Although the abundance and population density of several reintroduced populations (e.g., in the Swiss Alps, French Jura and in the Bavarian Forest) have been intensively studied 8 – 10 , 13 , the status of their source, the Carpathian population, is based mainly on rough national estimates that are challenged by a few local studies as having been overestimated 11 , 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, at the pan-European scale, most of the published density estimates are based only on short-term camera-trapping surveys conducted within one or two seasons e.g. 9 , 13 . However, long-term studies conducted on other felids, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range

Duľa

Bojda

Chabanne

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Camera-trapping and capture-recapture models are the most widely used tools for estimating densities of wild felids that have unique coat patterns, such as Eurasian lynx. However, studies dealing with this species are predominantly on a short-term basis and our knowledge of temporal trends and population persistence is still scarce. By using systematic camera-trapping and spatial capture-recapture models, we estimated lynx densities and evaluated density fluctuations, apparent survival, transition rate and individual's turnover during five consecutive seasons at three different sites situated in the Czech–Slovak–Polish borderland at the periphery of the Western Carpathians. Our density estimates vary between 0.26 and 1.85 lynx/100 km2 suitable habitat and represent the lowest and the highest lynx densities reported from the Carpathians. We recorded 1.5–4.1-fold changes in asynchronous fluctuated densities among all study sites and seasons. Furthermore, we detected high individual’s turnover (on average 46.3 ± 8.06% in all independent lynx and 37.6 ± 4.22% in adults) as well as low persistence of adults (only 3 out of 29 individuals detected in all seasons). The overall apparent survival rate was 0.63 ± 0.055 and overall transition rate between sites was 0.03 ± 0.019. Transition rate of males was significantly higher than in females, suggesting male-biased dispersal and female philopatry. Fluctuating densities and high turnover rates, in combination with documented lynx mortality, indicate that the population in our region faces several human-induced mortalities, such as poaching or lynx-vehicle collisions. These factors might restrict population growth and limit the dispersion of lynx to other subsequent areas, thus undermining the favourable conservation status of the Carpathian population. Moreover, our study demonstrates that long-term camera-trapping surveys are needed for evaluation of population trends and for reliable estimates of demographic parameters of wild territorial felids, and can be further used for establishing successful management and conservation measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range

Duľa

Bojda

Chabanne

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Shining a light on elusive lynx: Density estimation of three Eurasian lynx populations in Ukraine and Belarus

Palmero,

Smith,

Kudrenko

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The Eurasian lynx is a large carnivore widely distributed across Eurasia. However, our understanding of population status is heterogeneous across their range, with some populations isolated that are at risk of reduced genetic variation and a complete lack of information about others. In many European countries, Eurasian lynx are monitored through demographic studies crucial for their conservation and management. Even so, there are only rough and fragmented population assessments from Ukraine and Belarus, despite strict protection in both countries and their importance for lynx connectivity across Europe. We monitored lynx from October 2020 to March 2021 and used camera trapping in combination with spatial capture–recapture (SCR) methods in a Bayesian framework to provide the first SCR density estimation of three lynx populations across Ukraine and Belarus, including the Ukrainian Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, southern Belarus and the Ukrainian Carpathians. Our density estimates varied within our study areas ranging from 0.45 to 1.54 individuals/100 km2. This work provides a substantial scientific component to the overall understanding of lynx conservation for a region where only broad information is available and opens the doors for further large‐scale monitoring and trend assessments. The crucial information we provide can greatly enhance the range‐wide assessments of the status of this protected species. We also discuss the implications for Eurasian lynx conservation, despite the geopolitical realities impacting species monitoring in the region. Our work serves as a baseline, not only for future conservation interventions but also to evaluate the effects of disturbance and threats to these protected populations.

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Effects of camera‐trap placement and number on detection of members of a mammalian assemblage

et al. 2021

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A central goal in camera-trapping (CT) studies is to maximize detection probability and precision of occupancy estimates while minimizing the number of CTs to reduce equipment and labor costs. Few studies, however, have examined the effect of CT number on detection probability. Moreover, historically, most studies focused on a specific species and the design could be tailored toward maximizing detection of this target species. Increasingly, however, such studies use data for all captured, non-target, species (by-catch data) for animal community-level analyses. It remains unclear if, and how, the targeting of CTs toward one species affects the detection of non-target species. We paired CTs from a permanent cameratrapping grid (with 38 CTs) targeted at monitoring Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Innlandet County, Norway, with additional randomly placed CTs at two spatial scales (38 CTs within the same habitat patch and 38 CTs within the same 50-km 2 grid cell as the lynx-targeted CTs) for three months. We combined multi-scale occupancy models that enable the separation of large-scale occupancy, CT-scale site use, and detection probability with single-scale occupancy models. This allowed us to study the effects of targeted placement and CT number on the detection probability of the target species (lynx) and seven non-target mammal species (four carnivores, three herbivores, and one rodent). We found that all species, except moose (Alces alces), had the highest detection probability at lynx-targeted CTs. Moose had equal detection probabilities at all three placement types. Adding extra CTs generally increased detection probabilities. Consequently, for all species, combining a lynx-targeted CT with one or more randomly placed CTs, increased the accuracy and precision of occupancy estimates for 50-km 2 grid cells compared to single CT estimates. The placement of single CTs underestimated grid-cell occupancy compared to known minimum occupancy and were similar to site-use probability estimates of multi-scale models. It is, however, uncertain to which spatial extent these site-use probabilities refer. We therefore recommend the use of multiple (targeted) CTs to estimate occupancy in large grid cells and to interpret occupancy estimates from single CTs as site use of an, as of yet undefined, area surrounding the CT.

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Spatial density estimates of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the French Jura and Vosges Mountains

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range

Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range

Shining a light on elusive lynx: Density estimation of three Eurasian lynx populations in Ukraine and Belarus

Effects of camera‐trap placement and number on detection of members of a mammalian assemblage

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