Spatial data mining for finding nearest neighbor and outlier detection

Abstract

A spatial database is a collection of records related to space. The space can be a geographic space, a human body or a VLSI chip [15]. In SDBMS, objects are defined in a geometrical shape such as points, lines and polygons. Spatial database offers spatial data types, data models and query languages to process the spatial data. The major components of spatial database include a data model, query languages, processing and optimization tools, and indices. Examples of spatial databases include weather climate data, river, farms, medical imaging etc. Spatial databases support spatial indexing, efficient algorithms for processing spatial operations, and domain specific rules for query optimization. Spatial databases can be used in medical, astrology, biology, and defense and in many more areas.A geographic information system (GIS) or geospatial information system is designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. In GIS there can be many problems that include finding the nearest neighbor or finding the outliers in a data set. Abstract-Spatial data mining is a process to extract interesting patterns related to space. Space can be geographic space, the universe, a VLSI design, a molecular structure, or a human body. With the proliferation in use of spatial databases the probability of getting outliers is also increased. These outliers can be noisy data or highly valuable information. If the noise exists in the database, the performance of data mining algorithm may be degraded [14]. Detection of outliers in spatial database can be area of research in various applications. Spatial databases can be used in location based services (e.g. Google maps) to find nearest neighbors. If there is a data point which is not nearer to other data points, then this data point is considered as outlier. In this paper, we have discussed various researches for finding nearest neighbor and outlier detection.