Spatial curvature falsifies eternal inflation

Kleban, Matthew; Schillo, Marjorie

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/06/029

Cited by 77 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, it is well known that non-zero curvature effects must be very small today to be in agreement with some observational data [25,26]. This approximate spatial flatness of the latetime universe is a prediction of most inflationary cosmologies [27][28][29][30][31]. It corresponds to Ω ≡ ρ/ρ c = 1 ± δ, where ρ is the total energy density of the universe and ρ c denotes the energy density for the flat universe, and δ is at least as large as the magnitude of any density perturbations created over large scales by inflation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Cosmological solutions with gravitational particle production and nonzero curvature

Paliathanasis¹,

Barrow²,

Pan³

2017

Phys. Rev. D

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In a homogeneous and isotropic universe with non-zero spatial curvature we consider the effects of gravitational particle production in the dynamics of the universe. We show that the dynamics of the universe in such a background is characterized by a single nonlinear differential equation which is significantly dependent on the rate of particle creation and whose solutions can be dominated by the curvature effects at early times. For different particle creation rates we apply the singularity test in order to find the analytic solutions of the background dynamics. We describe the behavior of the cosmological solutions for both open and closed universes. We also show how the effects of curvature can be produced by the presence of a second perfect fluid with an appropriate equation of state. By combining that results with the analysis of the critical points we find that our consideration can be related with the pre-inflationary era. Specifically we find that for negative spatial curvature small changes of the Milne spacetime leads to a de Sitter universe.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Cosmological solutions with gravitational particle production and nonzero curvature

Paliathanasis¹,

Barrow²,

Pan³

2017

Phys. Rev. D

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“…This has considerable value in breaking degeneracies between curvature and dark energy parameters at lower redshift, and it should be considered an important consistency check for the ΛCDM interpretation of the CMB. A clear detection of nonzero curvature would have major implications for inflation, and perhaps for quantum cosmology theories (Gott, 1982;Guth and Nomura, 2012;Kleban and Schillo, 2012). If the Alcock-Paczynski method can be applied at smaller scales to obtain a precise determination of H(z)D A (z), then the BAO values of D A (z) can also be used to improve H(z) determinations and thus the dark energy density constraints (see §7.3).…”

Section: From Bao To Dark Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational probes of cosmic acceleration

et al. 2013

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The accelerating expansion of the universe is the most surprising cosmological discovery in many decades, implying that the universe is dominated by some form of "dark energy" with exotic physical properties, or that Einstein's theory of gravity breaks down on cosmological scales. The profound implications of cosmic acceleration have inspired ambitious efforts to understand its origin, with experiments that aim to measure the history of expansion and growth of structure with percent-level precision or higher. We review in detail the four most well established methods for making such measurements: Type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), weak gravitational lensing, and the abundance of galaxy clusters. We pay particular attention to the systematic uncertainties in these techniques and to strategies for controlling them at the level needed to exploit "Stage IV" dark energy facilities such as BigBOSS, LSST, Euclid, and WFIRST. We briefly review a number of other approaches including redshift-space distortions, the Alcock-Paczynski effect, and direct measurements of the Hubble constant H 0 . We present extensive forecasts for constraints on the dark energy equation of state and parameterized deviations from General Relativity, achievable with Stage III and Stage IV experimental programs that incorporate supernovae, BAO, weak lensing, and cosmic microwave background data. We also show the level of precision required for clusters or other methods to provide constraints competitive with those of these fiducial programs. We emphasize the value of a balanced program that employs several of the most powerful methods in combination, both to cross-check systematic uncertainties and to take advantage of complementary information. Surveys to probe cosmic acceleration produce data sets that support a wide range of scientific investigations, and they continue the longstanding astronomical tradition of mapping the universe in ever greater detail over ever larger scales.

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“…The current observational constraint is |Ω k | < 10 −2 . Furthermore, Guth and Nomura (2012) and Kleban and Schillo (2012) point out that observation of even a small positive curvature (Ω k < −10 −4 ) would falsify most ideas of eternal inflation, because tunneling in a landscape gives rise to open Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universes.…”

Section: Cosmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Life at the interface of particle physics and string theory

Schellekens

2013

Rev. Mod. Phys.

130

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If the results of the first LHC run are not betraying us, many decades of particle physics are culminating in a complete and consistent theory for all non-gravitational physics: the Standard Model. But despite this monumental achievement there is a clear sense of disappointment: many questions remain unanswered. Remarkably, most unanswered questions could just be environmental, and disturbingly (to some) the existence of life may depend on that environment. Meanwhile there has been increasing evidence that the seemingly ideal candidate for answering these questions, String Theory, gives an answer few people initially expected: a huge "landscape" of possibilities, that can be realized in a multiverse and populated by eternal inflation. At the interface of "bottomup" and "top-down" physics, a discussion of anthropic arguments becomes unavoidable. We review developments in this area, focusing especially on the last decade.

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Spatial curvature falsifies eternal inflation

Cited by 77 publications

References 30 publications

Cosmological solutions with gravitational particle production and nonzero curvature

Cosmological solutions with gravitational particle production and nonzero curvature

Observational probes of cosmic acceleration

Life at the interface of particle physics and string theory

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