Spatial correlation of the infant and adult electroencephalogram

Grieve, Philip G.; Emerson, Ronald G.; Fifer, William P.; Isler, Joseph R.; Stark, Raymond I.

doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00122-6

Cited by 59 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…If the spatial texture of neonatal EEG was smoothed (i.e., smeared) by volume conduction, such relatively high amplitude transients would be seen in many more electrodes. Our work is hence fully compatible with the implicit knowledge from prior descriptive literature on neonatal EEG, as well as with the prior theoretical analyses on EEG of older infants (Grieve et al, 2003(Grieve et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Grieve et al, 2003Grieve et al, , 2004. Improved spatial resolution obtained from a higher number of electrodes has made it possible to record cerebral activities that were previously not known, or were difficult to localize (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spatial resolution of scalp EEG signals is impaired by smearing due to the scalp and skull. Because these barriers are of lower impedance in infants, the degradation is much less severe (see also Despotovic et al, 2012), so information about brain function is more accessible, and detailed spatial information should be readily measureable from the scalp (Grieve et al, 2003(Grieve et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes

et al. 2013

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TitleSpatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes There is an increasing demand for source analysis of neonatal EEG, but currently there is inadequate knowledge about i) the spatial patterning of neonatal scalp EEG and hence ii) the number of electrodes needed to capture neonatal EEG in full spatial detail. This study addresses these issues by using a very high density (2.5 mm interelectrode spacing) linear electrode array to assess the spatial power spectrum, by using a high density (64 electrodes) EEG cap to assess the spatial extent of the common oscillatory bouts in the neonatal EEG and by using a neonatal size spherical head model to assess the effects of source depth and skull conductivities on the spatial frequency spectrum. The linear array recordings show that the spatial power spectrum decays rapidly until about 0.5-0.8 cycles per centimeter. The dense array EEG recordings show that the amplitude of oscillatory events decays within 4-6 cm to the level of global background activity, and that the higher frequencies (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) show the most rapid spatial decline in amplitude. Simulation with spherical head model showed that realistic variation in skull conductivity and source depths can both introduce orders of magnitude difference in the spatial frequency of the scalp EEG. Calculation of spatial Nyquist frequencies from the spatial power spectra suggests that an interelectrode distance of about 6-10 mm would suffice to capture the full spatial texture of the raw EEG signal at the neonatal scalp without spatial aliasing or under-sampling. The spatial decay of oscillatory events suggests that a full representation of their spatial characteristics requires an interelectrode distance of 10-20 mm. The findings show that the conventional way of recording neonatal EEG with about 10 electrodes ignores most spatial EEG content, that increasing the electrode density is necessary to improve neonatal EEG source localization and information extraction, and that prospective source models will need to carefully consider the neonatally relevant ranges of tissue conductivities and source depths when source localizing cortical activity in neonates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes

et al. 2013

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“…Studies have reported that sensitivity to optic flow shows a significant increase after infants have started crawling [24,25,26,27,28,29], while other findings argue that selective responses are due to synaptic maturation and myelination [30,31] of the visual cortical areas [32,33]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Study of Looming in Infants with High-Density EEG

Svantesson

2012

Dev Neurosci

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A rapidly approaching object provides information about the object's approach and how imminent a collision is. Prospective control when responding to a looming virtual object approaching on a direct collision course was studied longitudinally in 10 infants aged 5/6 and 12/13 months. Different characteristics of the looming-related visual evoked potential (VEP) responses from infants' brain electrical recordings (EEG) were explored and compared between the infants at these different ages. The aim of this study was to find evidence for infant brain electrical responses coherent with a looming stimulus approaching the infant under three different accelerations. It was also investigated whether the use of different timing strategies to estimate the loom's time-to-collision would produce differences in the EEG recordings. The results showed that the timing and the duration of the VEP responses differed with age. At the age of 5/6 months, infants showed VEP peaks earlier in the looming sequence and VEP responses with longer duration than when they were 12/13 months old. Results from the timing-strategy analysis showed that with age, 4 infants shifted from a less efficient timing strategy involving the loom's velocity to the more efficient strategy involving the loom's time-to-collision. Further, it was found that peak VEP activation in the investigated areas propagated across the cortex, showing the highest observed activation in the occipital area at the age of 5/6 months, whereas the parietal area showed the highest activation when the infants were 12/13 months. The decrease in processing time together with a peak VEP response closer to the loom's time-to-collision indicate a developmental trend in infants' prediction of an object's time-to-collision. This developmental trend is further substantiated by the shift from a less efficient to a more efficient timing strategy and by evidence of propagated peak VEP activation towards higher information processing areas in the visual pathway with age. As infants grow older and become more mobile, one of the underlying causes of the developmental trend found in our study could be due to an increase in locomotor experience. More follow-up research is needed to investigate the relation between behavioural development and changes in brain activity associated with infants' perception of looming motion.

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“…The recent theoretical work has shown that the information content, or spatial richness, of EEG signal that can be recorded from the neonatal scalp is dramatically higher than what is conventionally thought (Grieve et al, 2003(Grieve et al, , 2004Odabaee et al, 2013). Pragmatically, this implies that conventional EEG recordings with eight to twenty electrodes (André et al, 2010) provide a significantly deficient representation of brain activity, because much if not most EEG activity available at scalp is ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of infant cortical synchrony is constrained by the number of recording electrodes and the recording montage

Tokariev

Vanhatalo

Palva

2016

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Dense array EEG Connectivity Brain development h i g h l i g h t sAnalysis of brain connectivity from the neonatal EEG is strongly enhanced by adding the number of electrodes. Sensitivity and specificity of cortical synchrony estimates depend on the analysis montage; average and Laplacian montage have the best performance. The number of electrodes defines the optimal montage and it also sets the limits for the level of analytic details. a b s t r a c tObjective: To assess how the recording montage in the neonatal EEG influences the detection of cortical source signals and their phase interactions. Methods: Scalp EEG was simulated by forward modeling 20-200 simultaneously active sources covering the cortical surface of a realistic neonatal head model. We assessed systematically how the number of scalp electrodes (11-85), analysis montage, or the size of cortical sources affect the detection of cortical phase synchrony. Statistical metrics were developed for quantifying the resolution and reliability of the montages. Results: The findings converge to show that an increase in the number of recording electrodes leads to a systematic improvement in the detection of true cortical phase synchrony. While there is always a ceiling effect with respect to discernible cortical details, we show that the average and Laplacian montages exhibit superior specificity and sensitivity as compared to other conventional montages. Conclusions: Reliability in assessing true neonatal cortical synchrony is directly related to the choice of EEG recording and analysis configurations. Because of the high conductivity of the neonatal skull, the conventional neonatal EEG recordings are spatially far too sparse for pertinent studies, and this loss of information cannot be recovered by re-montaging during analysis. Significance: Future neonatal EEG studies will need prospective planning of recording configuration to allow analysis of spatial details required by each study question. Our findings also advice about the level of details in brain synchrony that can be studied with existing datasets or by using conventional EEG recordings.

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Spatial correlation of the infant and adult electroencephalogram

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Spatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes

Spatial patterning of the neonatal EEG suggests a need for a high number of electrodes

Longitudinal Study of Looming in Infants with High-Density EEG

Analysis of infant cortical synchrony is constrained by the number of recording electrodes and the recording montage

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