Spatial control of sensory adaptation modulates mechanosensing inPseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

SummarySensory signaling pathways use adaptation to dynamically respond to changes in their environment. Here, we report the mechanism of sensory adaptation in the Pil-Chp mechanosensory system, which the important human pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosauses to sense mechanical stimuli during surface exploration. Using biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology, we discovered that the enzymes responsible for adaptation, a methyltransferase and a methylesterase, are segregated to opposing cell poles asP. aeruginosaexplore surfaces. By coordinating the localization of both enzymes, we found that the Pil-Chp response regulators influence local receptor methylation, the molecular basis of bacterial sensory adaptation. We propose a model in which adaptation during mechanosensing spatially resets local receptor methylation, and thus Pil-Chp signaling, to modulate the pathway outputs, which are involved inP. aeruginosavirulence. Despite decades of bacterial sensory adaptation studies, our work has uncovered an unrecognized mechanism that bacteria use to achieve adaptation to sensory stimuli.