Spatial contrast sensitivity is reduced in bilateral Parkinson's disease

Hutton, J. Thomas; Morris, Jerry L.; Elias, Jeffrey W.; Varma, Rajesh; Poston, J. N.

doi:10.1212/wnl.41.8.1200

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Multiple studies have shown that patients with PD have more errors than a control population [23], and that this may be an early finding as it occurs in early, untreated patients [22,24]. Similarly, abnormalities in contrast sensitivity are present in PD and appear to be correlated with disease severity [25]. Both color discrimination and contrast sensitivity may relate to dopamine activity in the retina but that remains unclear.…”

Section: While Many Patients With Pd Complain Of Blurred Vision or Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Premotor Symptoms and Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease

Adler

2011

International Journal of Neuroscience

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Section: While Many Patients With Pd Complain Of Blurred Vision or Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Premotor Symptoms and Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease

Adler

2011

International Journal of Neuroscience

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“…Reduced contrast sensitivity (CS) is a common feature of Parkinson disease (PD) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and is associated with poor outcomes on driving tests in parkinsonian drivers. [12][13][14] However, there are no published reports on driving under low visibility due to low-contrast lighting conditions in PD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Driving under low-contrast visibility conditions in Parkinson disease

Uç¹,

Rizzo²,

Anderson³

et al. 2009

Neurology

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Objective: To assess driving performance in Parkinson disease (PD) under low-contrast visibility conditions. Methods:Licensed, active drivers with mild to moderate PD (n ϭ 67, aged 66.2 Ϯ 9.0 years, median Hoehn-Yahr stage ϭ 2) and controls (n ϭ 51, aged 64.0 Ϯ 7.2 years) drove in a driving simulator under high-(clear sky) and low-contrast visibility (fog) conditions, leading up to an intersection where an incurring vehicle posed a crash risk in fog.Results: Drivers with PD had higher SD of lateral position (SDLP) and lane violation counts (LVC) than controls during fog (p Ͻ 0.001). Transition from high-to low-contrast visibility condition increased SDLP and LVC more in PD than in controls (p Ͻ 0.01). A larger proportion of drivers with PD crashed at the intersection in fog (76.1% vs 37.3%, p Ͻ 0.0001). The time to first reaction in response to incursion was longer in drivers with PD compared with controls (median 2.5 vs 2.0 seconds, p Ͻ 0.0001). Within the PD group, the strongest predictors of poor driving outcomes under low-contrast visibility conditions were worse scores on measures of visual processing speed and attention, motion perception, contrast sensitivity, visuospatial construction, motor speed, and activities of daily living score. Conclusions:During driving simulation under low-contrast visibility conditions, drivers with Parkinson disease (PD) had poorer vehicle control and were at higher risk for crashes, which were primarily predicted by decreased visual perception and cognition; motor dysfunction also contributed. Our results suggest that drivers with PD may be at risk for unsafe driving in low-contrast visibility conditions such as during fog or twilight. Neurology Reduced contrast sensitivity (CS) is a common feature of Parkinson disease (PD)1-11 and is associated with poor outcomes on driving tests in parkinsonian drivers.12-14 However, there are no published reports on driving under low visibility due to low-contrast lighting conditions in PD. This study evaluates the effect of different environmental visibility settings (high contrast ϭ clear sky, low contrast ϭ fog, as in figure 1) on vehicle control (indexed by SD of lateral position [SDLP] and lane violation counts [LVC]) during uneventful driving, and response to sudden hazards under low-contrast visibility conditions in drivers with PD using a driving simulator.To test driver response to a sudden hazard under low-contrast visibility conditions, we used a collision avoidance scenario at an intersection. [15][16][17] Although intersections constitute only a

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“…7 Robust impairments in spatial contrast sensitivity have been observed across a variety of pathologies, 4,8 including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, results for contrast sensitivity in this group of patients are highly variable: Whereas some studies observed impairments across the entire spatial-frequency range, 5 others report loss of sensitivity in the medium-to high-frequency range. 3,4 Together, these findings indicate that PD might result in a loss in sensitivity as well as a shift of the contrast sensitivity function toward lower spatial frequencies as compared to controls, 4 implying selective impairment of a subset of spatial-frequency channels.…”

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confidence: 83%

“…It is critical for many daily activities 1 and is impaired in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. [2][3][4][5] Conventionally, contrast sensitivity has been measured in the laboratory as a function of an object's richness in texture, its spatial frequency. We define spatial contrast sensitivity as the ability to distinguish static stimuli, and spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity as the ability to detect moving stimuli while tracking them with smooth pursuit eye movements.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Together, these findings indicate that PD might result in a loss in sensitivity as well as a shift of the contrast sensitivity function toward lower spatial frequencies as compared to controls, 4 implying selective impairment of a subset of spatial-frequency channels. Contrast sensitivity decreases with disease progression, 5 although deficits in the low spatial-frequency range can be ameliorated with L-dopa treatment. 3,9 In general, the prevalence of early visual function impairment and the importance of assessing these functions in patients with PD have been widely recognized.…”

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Visual Contrast Sensitivity in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease

Ming

Palidis

Spering

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Visual impairments are frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and impact normal functioning in daily activities. Visual contrast sensitivity is a powerful nonmotor sign for discriminating PD patients from controls. However, it is usually assessed with static visual stimuli. Here we examined the interaction between perception and eye movements in static and dynamic contrast sensitivity tasks in a cohort of mildly impaired, early-stage PD patients. METHODS.Patients (n ¼ 13) and healthy age-matched controls (n ¼ 12) viewed stimuli of various spatial frequencies (0-8 cyc/deg) and speeds (08/s, 108/s, 308/s) on a computer monitor. Detection thresholds were determined by asking participants to adjust luminance contrast until they could just barely see the stimulus. Eye position was recorded with a videobased eye tracker. RESULTS.Patients' static contrast sensitivity was impaired in the intermediate spatial-frequency range and this impairment correlated with fixational instability. However, dynamic contrast sensitivity and patients' smooth pursuit were relatively normal. An independent component analysis revealed contrast sensitivity profiles differentiating patients and controls.CONCLUSIONS. Our study simultaneously assesses perceptual contrast sensitivity and eye movements in PD, revealing a possible link between fixational instability and perceptual deficits. Spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity profiles may represent an easily measurable metric as a component of a broader combined biometric for nonmotor features observed in PD.

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Spatial contrast sensitivity is reduced in bilateral Parkinson's disease

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Premotor Symptoms and Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease

Premotor Symptoms and Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease

Driving under low-contrast visibility conditions in Parkinson disease

Visual Contrast Sensitivity in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease

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