Spatial characterization of the effect of age and sex on macular layer thicknesses and foveal pit morphology

Romero-Bascones, David; Ayala, Unai; Alberdi, Ane; Erramuzpe, Asier; Galdós, Marta Barandiarán; Gómez‐Esteban, Juan Carlos; Murueta‐Goyena, Ane; Teijeira-Portas, Sara; Gabilondo, Iñigo; Barrenechea, Maitane

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278925

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, our PD and control cohorts were not matched for age and sex. As both variables correlate with OCT measurements 30 , 31 we accounted for these confounding variables in the statistical analyses. Moreover, the absence of pRNFL measurements and clinical data in the AlzEye dataset hindered our ability to validate all of our analyses in an external database.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of retinal neurodegeneration with the progression of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease

Murueta-Goyena,

Romero-Bascones,

Teijeira-Portas

et al. 2024

npj Parkinsons Dis.

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Retinal thickness may serve as a biomarker in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this prospective longitudinal study, we aimed to determine if PD patients present accelerated thinning rate in the parafoveal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (pfGCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) compared to controls. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between retinal neurodegeneration and clinical progression in PD. A cohort of 156 PD patients and 72 controls underwent retinal optical coherence tomography, visual, and cognitive assessments between February 2015 and December 2021 in two Spanish tertiary hospitals. The pfGCIPL thinning rate was twice as high in PD (β [SE] = −0.58 [0.06]) than in controls (β [SE] = −0.29 [0.06], p < 0.001). In PD, the progression pattern of pfGCIPL atrophy depended on baseline thickness, with slower thinning rates observed in PD patients with pfGCIPL below 89.8 µm. This result was validated with an external dataset from Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (AlzEye study). Slow pfGCIPL progressors, characterized by older at baseline, longer disease duration, and worse cognitive and disease stage scores, showed a threefold increase in the rate of cognitive decline (β [SE] = −0.45 [0.19] points/year, p = 0.021) compared to faster progressors. Furthermore, temporal sector pRNFL thinning was accelerated in PD (βtime x group [SE] = −0.67 [0.26] μm/year, p = 0.009), demonstrating a close association with cognitive score changes (β [SE] = 0.11 [0.05], p = 0.052). This study suggests that a slower pattern of pfGCIPL tissue loss in PD is linked to more rapid cognitive decline, whereas changes in temporal pRNFL could track cognitive deterioration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of retinal neurodegeneration with the progression of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease

Murueta-Goyena,

Romero-Bascones,

Teijeira-Portas

et al. 2024

npj Parkinsons Dis.

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“… 31 Correction for age and sex is important when matching against normative data, because it was found that cone density, 28 , 32 as well as OSL, 33 , 34 decrease with age, and RT depends on sex, with males tending to have a thicker retina. 35 , 36 This approach was, however, unable to consider individual differences in cone density, which are shown to be significant (see next paragraph). In albinism, where the degree of fovealization varies, a strong positive correlation was observed between in vivo peak cone density and the thickness of the ONL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cone Density Is Correlated to Outer Segment Length and Retinal Thickness in the Human Foveola

Domdei,

Ameln,

Gutnikov

et al. 2023

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose Assessment of the relationship between in vivo foveolar cone density, cone outer segment length (OSL), and foveal retinal thickness (RT). Methods Foveolar cone density maps covering the central ±300 µm of the retina were derived from adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images. The corresponding maps of foveal cone OSL and RT were derived from high-resolution optical coherence tomography volume scans. Alignment of the two-dimensional maps containing OSL and RT with the cone density map was achieved by placing the location of maximum OSL on the cone density centroid (CDC). Results Across 10 participants (27 ± 9 years; 6 female), cone density at the CDC was found to be between 147,038 and 215,681 cones/mm². The maximum OSL and minimum RT were found to lie between 31 and 40, and 193 and 226 µm, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between cone density at the CDC and maximum OSL ( P = 0.001), as well as the minimal RT ( P < 0.05). Across all participants, the best fit for the relationship between normalized cone density and normalized OSL within the central 300 µm was given by a quadratic function. Conclusions Using optical coherence tomography–derived measurements of OSL enables to estimate CDC cone density and two-dimensional foveal cone density maps for example in patient eyes unsuitable for adaptive optics imaging. Furthermore, the observation of a fixed relationship between the normalized OSL and cone density points to a conserved mechanism shaping the foveal pit.

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“…However, due to its relative recency, a holistic understanding of how quantitative measurements derived from widefield OCT vary within healthy cohorts is lacking. In studies using central OCT protocols, variations in retinal thickness secondary to age, refractive error, axial length (AL), sex and ethnicity have been described, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] suggesting that compensation for these factors may be required before accurate comparisons to normative database measurements can be performed. An exploration of whether demographic variables similarly affect retinal measurements acquired using widefield OCT protocols would be valuable to identify potential confounders that could affect the accurate identification of pathology, and therefore ensure that subsequent normative databases are sufficiently representative.…”

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Characterisation of the normal human ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer using widefield optical coherence tomography

Tong,

Alonso‐Caneiro,

Kugelman

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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PurposeTo describe variations in ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in a healthy cohort from widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans.MethodsWidefield OCT scans spanning 55° × 45° were acquired from 470 healthy eyes. The GCIPL was automatically segmented using deep learning methods. Thickness measurements were extracted after correction for warpage and retinal tilt. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to discern trends between global GCIPL thickness and age, axial length and sex. To further characterise age‐related change, hierarchical and two‐step cluster algorithms were applied to identify locations sharing similar ageing properties, and rates of change were quantified using regression analyses with data pooled by cluster analysis outcomes.ResultsDeclines in widefield GCIPL thickness with age, increasing axial length and female sex were observed (parameter estimates −0.053, −0.436 and −0.464, p‐values <0.001, <0.001 and 0.02, respectively). Cluster analyses revealed concentric, slightly nasally displaced, horseshoe patterns of age‐related change in the GCIPL, with up to four statistically distinct clusters outside the macula. Linear regression analyses revealed significant ageing decline in GCIPL thickness across all clusters, with faster rates of change observed at central locations when expressed as absolute (slope = −0.19 centrally vs. −0.04 to −0.12 peripherally) and percentage rates of change (slope = −0.001 centrally vs. −0.0005 peripherally).ConclusionsNormative variations in GCIPL thickness from widefield OCT with age, axial length and sex were noted, highlighting factors worth considering in further developments. Widefield OCT has promising potential to facilitate quantitative detection of abnormal GCIPL outside standard fields of view.

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Spatial characterization of the effect of age and sex on macular layer thicknesses and foveal pit morphology

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Association of retinal neurodegeneration with the progression of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease

Association of retinal neurodegeneration with the progression of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease

Cone Density Is Correlated to Outer Segment Length and Retinal Thickness in the Human Foveola

Characterisation of the normal human ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer using widefield optical coherence tomography

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