Spatial, but not temporal, aspects of orientation are controlled by the fine-scale distribution of chemical cues in turbulent odor plumes

Moore, Paul A.; Edwards, David; Jurcak-Detter, Ana; Lahman, Sara E.

doi:10.1242/jeb.240457

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Videos of each trial were analyzed in Xcitex ProAnalyst ® software. The videos were digitized at a rate of 1 point per second, as crayfish movement behavior can be analyzed every second (Kamran and Moore, 2015;Moore et al, 2021). The video was calibrated so that the output of the tracking would give an x,y coordinate in centimeters from the origin of the behavioral arena.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running away or running to? Do prey make decisions solely based on the landscape of fear or do they also include stimuli from a landscape of safety?

MacKay

Wood

Moore

2021

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Predator prey interactions are a key part of ecosystem function, and non-consumptive effects fall under the landscape of fear theory. Under the landscape of fear, the antipredator responses of prey are based on the spatial and temporal distribution of predatory cues in the environment. However, the aversive stimuli (fear) are not the only stimuli prey can utilize when making behavioral decisions. Prey might also be using attractive stimuli that represent safety to guide decision making. Using a novel, orthogonal design, we were able to spatially separate aversive and attractive stimuli to determine if prey are utilizing safety cues to navigate their environment. Crayfish Faxonius rusticus were placed in the center of a behavioral arena. Aversive stimuli of either predatory bass Micropterus salmoides cues or conspecific alarm cues increased along the x-axis of the behavioral arena. Safety cues (shelters) increased along the y-axis by decreasing the number of shelter openings in this direction. Crayfish were allowed two phases to explore the arena: one without the fearful stimuli and one with the stimuli. Linear mixed models were conducted to determine if movement behaviors and habitat utilization were affected by the phase of the trial and the type of aversive stimuli. Crayfish responded more strongly to alarm cues than fear cues, with only alarm cues significantly impacting habitat utilization. When responding to alarm cues, crayfish used safety cues as well as fear cues to relocate themselves within the arena. Based on these results, we argue that crayfish are utilizing a landscape of safety in conjunction with a landscape of fear when navigating their environment.

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Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Running away or running to? Do prey make decisions solely based on the landscape of fear or do they also include stimuli from a landscape of safety?

MacKay

Wood

Moore

2021

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…A wooden frame held an infrared DVR camera (Zosi ZR08ZN10) 1.3 m above the water surface of each mesocosm to record the crayfish's nocturnal behaviors. Cameras had a frame rate of 30 frames/s, which is high enough to capture crayfish movement (Moore et al 2021). One low-intensity red light bulb (Great Value brand: Model A19045 LED Lamp, 9 W, 145 mA, 120 V, 60 Hz, RED) was used to illuminate each mesocosm from above.…”

Section: Experimental Mesocosmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The viewer scored the crayfish for its total time spent within the three zones (the foraging zone, sheltering zone, or the clear zone) located in the prey arena. The camera captured images at 30 frames/s and usually crayfish movement is digitized at 1 frame/s (Moore et al 2021). Because crayfish feeding appendages are located on the underside of the animal, it was not possible to see when the crayfish was actually consuming the macrophytes.…”

Section: Crayfish Behavior Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Are you scared yet? Variations to cue indices elicit differential prey behavioral responses even when gape-limited predators are relatively small

Wagner

Moore

2022

Can. J. Zool.

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Anti-predator behavior is often evoked based on measurements of risk calculated from sensory cues emanating from predators independent of physical attack. Yet, the exact sensory indices of cues utilized in risk assessment remain largely unknown. To examine how different predatory cue indices of information are used in risk assessment, we presented prey with various cues from sub-lethal gape-limited predators. Rusty crayfish (<i>Faxonius rusticus</i> (Girard, 1852)) were exposed to predatory odors from sub-lethal sized largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i> (Lacepѐde, 1802)) to test effects of changing predator abundance, relative size relationships, and total predator length in flow through mesocosms. Foraging, shelter use, and movement behavior were used to measure cue effects. Foraging time depended jointly upon predator abundance and total predator size (p = 0.030). Specifically, high predator abundance resulted in decreased foraging efforts as gape ratio increased. Similarly, sheltering time depended on the interaction between predator abundance and gape ratio when predator abundance was highest (p = 0.020). Crayfish significantly increased exploration time when gape ratio increased (p = 0.010). Thus, this study shows crayfish can utilize different indices of predatory cues, namely total predator abundance and relative size ratios, in risk assessment but do so in context specific ways.

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Organisms employ a variety of means to gather pertinent information about their surroundings at both temporal and spatial scales (Moore et al, 2021). For instance, at the smallest scales, chemical signals can induce single-celled organisms to gather, forming a super organism during reproduction (Bobek et al, 2017).

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chemical cues and prior experience on predator avoidance in crayfish

Kaur,

Iqbal,

Soto

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Multisensory stimuli provide organisms with information to assess the threat present in the surroundings. Olfactory cues show dominance over other sensory modalities in the aquatic environment. The impact of chemical predator cues combined with experiences gained (learning) in species without previous contact is not fully understood. We investigated the foraging and shelter‐seeking behaviour of naïve and experienced marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis juveniles in response to the chemical signals of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus alone and in combination with alarm chemicals produced by preyed‐upon conspecifics. Naïve and experienced (previously exposed to pumpkinseed predation) juveniles were stocked in an arena with shelter and feed and exposed (1) to water from a tank containing a predator actively feeding on conspecifics, (2) water from a tank with predator only and (3) water only as control. Crayfish exposed to the combined stimuli avoided the inlet zone and gravitated to shelter zone of the arena to a greater extent than did those exposed to predator‐only cues and the control. Regardless of the treatment, experienced crayfish showed significantly reduced interest in feeding. Our findings imply that crayfish response to threat‐associated odours with the greatest potency when visual or tactile cues are present, while previous encounters with predators may make them more cautious.

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Spatial, but not temporal, aspects of orientation are controlled by the fine-scale distribution of chemical cues in turbulent odor plumes

Cited by 6 publications

References 71 publications

Running away or running to? Do prey make decisions solely based on the landscape of fear or do they also include stimuli from a landscape of safety?

Running away or running to? Do prey make decisions solely based on the landscape of fear or do they also include stimuli from a landscape of safety?

Are you scared yet? Variations to cue indices elicit differential prey behavioral responses even when gape-limited predators are relatively small

Effects of chemical cues and prior experience on predator avoidance in crayfish

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