Spatial assessment of groundwater quality in the Jangseong region, South Korea

Tolera, Mesfin Benti; Park, Kyoung Sun; Chang, Sun Woo; Chung, Il-Moon

doi:10.1007/s12665-017-6875-3

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Correlation analysis, applied to infer the origin, distribution., and relationships among ions, is an effective tool for identifying the formation of hydrochemical composition in groundwater (Tolera et al, 2017). As shown in Table 2, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) had a strong correlation (> 0.6) with Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , SO 4 2− , HCO 3 − and Cl -, indicating that these ions were the main components influencing the mineralization of groundwater.…”

Section: Hydrochemistry Characteristics Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on quality and health risk of groundwater in a highly urbanized watershed, China

Li,

Zhang,

Zhao

2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Urbanizations and industrializations may accelerate the contamination and deterioration of groundwater quality. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and human health risk of shallow groundwater in Shenzhen, China where high levels of urbanization and industrialization are. The hydrochemistry characteristics, water quality levels and human health risks of main ions, nutrient elements, metals in 220 samples collected from Maozhou River Basin (MRB) located in the northwest of Shenzhen were investigated. It showed that chemical constituents of the groundwater were further complicated by seawater intrusion and urbanization expansion. Water quality evaluated by Fuzzy Comprehensive Method showed that 21.05 % of samples distributed around reservoirs were classified into grade II or better. Nearly 79% of samples distributed in the densely populated urban land were classified into grade III or worse, indicating pollution from anthropogenic factors cannot be ignored. For the river tidal reach where river stage fluctuated about 0.5 m to 1.5 m within a tidal cycle, the chemical composition of groundwater was influenced by frequent water exchange with the river. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk for different age groups from high to low were children, adult women, adult men, adolescent women, and adolescent men, respectively.Approximately 39% of groundwater samples distributed around the densely populations area with health risk larger than 5×10 -5 were unacceptable for children. This investigation would be helpful for improving groundwater management and as a practical reference for sustainable groundwater exploitation in the MRB.

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Section: Hydrochemistry Characteristics Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on quality and health risk of groundwater in a highly urbanized watershed, China

Li,

Zhang,

Zhao

2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…85 If this is not already sufficiently perplexing, Melkamu Aboma Tolera contends that the Commission articulates a different position in state reports where it 'tends to regulate the behaviour of state parties during a declared state of emergency'. 86 Clearly, the interpretation of the absence of a derogation clause within the African Charter is unsettled. Some scholarship regards it as a 'flaw' or 'defect' that -in stark contradiction to the ICCPR and most African constitutions -puts human rights in jeopardy through its unrealistic expectation that states' human rights obligations must be fully observed even during emergency situations.…”

Section: Derogationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silences that speak volumes: the significance of the African Court decision in APDF and IHRDA v Mali for women’s human rights on the continent

Kombo

2022

AHRY

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ABSTRACT: The first judgment of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights interpreting the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol), Association pour le Progrès et la Défense des droits des Femmes Maliennes (APDF) and The Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (IHRDA) v Mali, sets an important precedent for women’s human rights in Africa both through its explicit findings and through two key ‘silences’, or areas where the Court does not directly address Mali’s arguments. Situated within a case concerning provisions of Mali’s Persons and Family Code of 2011, these silences emphasise the applicability of women’s human rights in diverse African socio-cultural contexts. This case commentary takes an interdisci-plinary approach drawing on doctrinal legal research methodology and legal anthropology in order to situate the analysed case in a broader socio-cultural and historical context. Highlighting the significance of Family Code reform for women’s status and attendant rights, the case discussion analyses the implications of the decision’s silences. The first concerns Mali’s argument that force majeure precludes legal wrongfulness and the second emerges from Mali’s claim that it did not violate human rights but adapted the law to reflect ‘social realities’. This case discussion contends that although elaboration of the Court’s reasoning would have developed jurisprudence on force majeure, the Court properly refrained from directly addressing the latter argument, which rehashes debates about human rights universality versus cultural relativism. Nevertheless, the case serves as a powerful reminder of the need for further reflection on this enduring tension, and the case commentary accordingly makes recommendations for future research. Thus, even the Court’s silences have potential to strengthen women’s recourse for human rights violations in Africa because they implicitly reject the notion that either violet opposition to human rights norms or seemingly divergent socio-cultural realities justify derogation. TITRE ET RÉSUMÉ EN FRANCAIS: Des silences qui en disent long: l’effet de la decision de la Cour africaine dans l’affaire APDF et IHRDA c. Mali sur les droits des femmes en Afrique RÉSUMÉ: Le premier arrêt de la Cour africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples interprétant le Protocole de Maputo, l’affaire Association pour le Progrès et la Défense des Droits des Femmes maliennes (APDF) et l’Institut des Droits de l’Homme et du Développement en Afrique (IHRDA) c. Mali crée un précédent important pour les droits des femmes en Afrique à la fois grâce à ses constatations explicites et par deux « silences » clés, ou domaines dans lesquels la Cour n’aborde pas directement les arguments du Mali. Se trouvant dans une affaire concernant des dispositions du Code des personnes et de la famille du Mali de 2011, ces silences soulignent l’applicabilité des droits fondamentaux des femmes dans divers contextes socioculturels africains. Cette contribution adopte une approche interdisciplinaire s’appuyant sur l’approche juridique doctrinale et l’anthropologie juridique tout en situant l’affaire dans un contexte socioculturel et historique plus large. Après avoir souligné l’importance de la réforme du Code de la famille pour le statut et autres droits des femmes, la contribution analyse les conséquences attachées aux silences de la décision. Le premier concerne l’argument du Mali selon lequel un cas de force majeure exclut l’illicéité juridique et le second découle de l’affirmation du Mali selon laquelle il n’a pas violé les droits de l’homme, mais a adapté la loi aux « réalités sociales ». L’article postule qu’alors que le raisonnement de la Cour aurait pu développer la jurisprudence en matière de force majeure, la Cour s’est correctement abstenue de traiter directement de ce dernier argument, qui fait prendre un nouveau tournant aux débats sur l’universalité des droits de l’homme versus le relativisme culturel. Néanmoins, l’affaire rappelle de manière convaincante la nécessité de poursuivre la réflexion sur cette tension persistante et l’article propose en conséquence des recommandations pour les recherches futures. Ainsi, même les silences de la Cour pourraient renforcer le recours des femmes en matière de violations des droits humains en Afrique parce qu’ils rejettent implicitement la notion selon laquelle soit une opposition violente aux normes des droits de l’homme, soit des réalités socioculturelles apparemment divergentes justifient une dérogation.

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Groundwater quality evaluation for different uses in the lower Ketar Watershed, Ethiopia

Tolera

Choi

Chang

et al. 2020

Environ Geochem Health

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Spatial assessment of groundwater quality in the Jangseong region, South Korea

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Evaluation on quality and health risk of groundwater in a highly urbanized watershed, China

Evaluation on quality and health risk of groundwater in a highly urbanized watershed, China

Silences that speak volumes: the significance of the African Court decision in APDF and IHRDA v Mali for women’s human rights on the continent

Groundwater quality evaluation for different uses in the lower Ketar Watershed, Ethiopia

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