Spatial and temporal variations of soft bottom polychaetes of Sinop Peninsula(southern Black Sea) with new records

Abstract

IntroductionPolychaeta is one of the most diverse and abundant benthic groups in marine ecosystems: 12,632 species of polychaetes are reported in the world's oceans (Appeltans et al., 2012), while 1122 species are reported in the Mediterranean Sea (Coll et al., 2010) and 238 species in the Black Sea to date (Kurt Şahin and Çınar, 2012). The polychaetes distributed among the Turkish coasts were recently reported by Çınar et al. (2014) with 459 species from the coast of the Levantine Sea, 547 species from the coast of the Aegean Sea, 390 species from the coast of the Sea of Marmara, and 136 species from the Black Sea coast of Turkey.The Black Sea is a semiclosed sea and it is the largest (547,000 km 3 ) permanently stratified marine basin in the world (Zaitsev et al., 2002). It is connected to the Aegean region of the Mediterranean Sea by the narrowest strait of Turkey, the Bosphorus, to the south, and the Sea of Azov by the Strait of Kerch to the north. Nearly 87% of the Black Sea is entirely anoxic (without oxygen) and it contains high levels of hydrogen sulfide. Anoxic conditions occurring below 70 to 200 m limit the vertical distribution of organisms. The hydrographic regime is characterized by low salinity surface water of river origin overlying high salinity of deep water of Mediterranean origin (Bakan and Büyükgüngör, 2000). The structure of its ecosystem differs from that of the neighboring Mediterranean Sea in that species diversity is lower and the dominant organism groups are different. However, the abundance, total biomass, and productivity of the Black Sea are much higher than those in the Mediterranean Sea (Zaitsev and Alexandrov, 1998).The first studies concerning polychaetes in the Black Sea date back to the late 1800s (

Polychaetes of Greece: an updated and annotated checklist

“…In the Mediterranean also known from France (Blake et al 2009) and Turkey (Çınar et al 2017). Present in the adjacent Sea of Marmara (Çinar et al 2015) and Black Sea (Kurt-Şahin et al 2017). Otherwise distributed in the North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.…”

A new species ofProtodorvillea(Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae) from the Western Mediterranean Sea

“…Protodorvillea egena (Ehlers, 1913) was reported from the Mediterranean (Zenetos et al 2005(Zenetos et al , 2010Coll et al 2010;Occhipinti-Ambrogi et al 2011;Cinar 2013) and first recorded along the Italian coasts, from Sicily (Cantone 2001), likely introduced through the Suez Canal as lessepsian migrant (Amoureux 1983). Protodorvillea kefersteini (McIntosh, 1869) is widely distributed from the North Atlantic to the North Sea and English Channel (Pettibone 1961;Jumars 1974;Perkins 1979;Hartmann-Schröder 1996), Mediterranean (Coll et al 2010;Núñez et al 2013;Çinar et al 2015;Mikac 2015) and the Black Sea (Jakubova 1930;Kurt Sahin et al 2017); P. atlantica was reported from Greece by Vamvakopoulou (1991), although Faulwetter et al (2017) suggested that this record must be considered questionable; in the Mediterranean this species is also known from Tunisia (Zaâbi et al 2009) and the Adriatic Sea (Mikac 2015). Protodorvillea atlantica was firstly described by McIntosh (1885) as Staurocephalus atlanticus, and reported from the Atlantic Ocean by Fauvel (1923).…”