Spatial and temporal variations in the trace elemental data over the northeastern United States

Athanassiadis, G.; Rao, S. Trivikrama

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00014-9

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Based on the correlation calculations, different group of trace elements could be discerned. One group consists of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and V. K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and V show good correlation among themselves in agreement with the result of Athanassiadis and Rao (2003). This group appears to be contributed by crustal sources, ferrous metallurgical operations, and diesel exhausts.…”

Section: Correlation Studiessupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Trace element concentrations concentrations of the elements in KMA (Karar et al 2006), and also exhibited quite elevated values compared to those reported for different urban regions worldwide (Yatin et al 2000;Manoli et al 2002;Athanassiadis and Rao 2003;Al-Momani et al 2005). A comparison of particulates and metallic element concentration of different countries is presented in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Metallic components of traffic-induced urban aerosol, their spatial variation, and source apportionment

Kar

Maity

Samal

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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This study proposes a practical method to estimate elemental composition and distribution in order to attribute source and quantify impacts of aerosol particles at an urban region in Kolkata, India. Twelve-hour total particulates were collected in winter (2005-2006) and analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique to determine multi-elemental composition, especially trace metals. The aerosols consist of various elements including K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, and Pb which exhibit significant concentration at various sites (p < 0.05). The concentration of different metallic elements were found in the order of Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Co. Statistical multivariate analysis and correlation matrix analyses were performed for factor identification and consequent source apportionment. Contour profiles demonstrate spatial variation of elemental compositions indicating possible source contribution along with meteorological influences. Spatial differences were clearly most significant for Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cu reflecting the importance of anthropogenic inputs, primarily from automobile sources.

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Section: Correlation Studiessupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Metallic components of traffic-induced urban aerosol, their spatial variation, and source apportionment

Kar

Maity

Samal

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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“…In a recent study, we found that communities with a higher prevalence of air conditioning had lower health effect estimates for PM, especially for cardiovascular hospital admissions and central air conditioning (40). County averages of PM 2.5 components may be affected by different degrees of measurement error because some components are more spatially homogeneous than others (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital Admissions and Chemical Composition of Fine Particle Air Pollution

Bell¹,

Ebisu²,

Peng³

et al. 2009

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

448

304

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“…A limited number of studies investigated this issue for chemical composition. Spatial variation of 14 PM 2.5 constituent levels from 1988 to 1998 was assessed for 18 monitors in the northeastern United States (Athanassiadis and Rao, 2003). Other studies examining this issue focused on a single city (Röösli et al, 2001; Ito et al, 2004; Martuzevicius et al, 2004; Venkatachari et al, 2006; So et al, 2007; Moreno et al, 2008) or small number of cities (Nerriere et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-level spatial heterogeneity of chemical constituent levels of fine particulates and implications for epidemiological research

Bell

Ebisu

Peng

2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Studies of the health impacts of airborne particulates’ chemical constituents typically assume spatial homogeneity and estimate exposure from ambient monitors. However, factors such as local sources may cause spatially heterogeneous pollution levels. This work examines the degree to which constituent levels vary within communities and whether exposure misclassification is introduced by spatial homogeneity assumptions. Analysis considered PM2.5 elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon matter, ammonium, sulfate, nitrate, silicon, and sodium ion (Na+) for the United States, 1999–2007. Pearson correlations and coefficients of divergence were calculated and compared to distances among monitors. Linear modeling related correlations to distance between monitors, long-term constituent levels, and population density. Spatial heterogeneity was present for all constituents, yet lower for ammonium, sulfate, and nitrate. Lower correlations were associated with higher distance between monitors, especially for nitrate and sulfate, and with lower long-term levels, especially for sulfate and Na+. Analysis of colocated monitors revealed measurement error for all constituents, especially EC and Na+. Exposure misclassification may be introduced into epidemiological studies of PM2.5 constituents due to spatial variability, and is affected by constituent type and level. When assessing health effects of PM constituents, new methods are needed for estimating exposure and accounting for exposure error induced by spatial variability.

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Spatial and temporal variations in the trace elemental data over the northeastern United States

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Metallic components of traffic-induced urban aerosol, their spatial variation, and source apportionment

Metallic components of traffic-induced urban aerosol, their spatial variation, and source apportionment

Hospital Admissions and Chemical Composition of Fine Particle Air Pollution

Community-level spatial heterogeneity of chemical constituent levels of fine particulates and implications for epidemiological research

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