Spatial and temporal variations in traffic-related particulate matter at New York City high schools

Patel, Molini M.; Chillrud, Steven N.; Correa, Juan C.; Feinberg, Marian; Hazi, Yair; Deepti, K.C.; Prakash, Swati; Ross, James; Levy, Diane; Kinney, Patrick L.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.004

Cited by 71 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Mean indoor PM 2.5 in this study was higher than levels reported in monitoring studies using optical methods in urban and suburban schools (Branis, Rezácová, and Domasová 2005;Fromme et al 2007;Patel et al 2009;Weichenthal et al 2008) that ranged between 12 and 23 μg/m 3 (min-max range: 1-80 μg/m 3 ). Although guidelines have not yet been developed for the ultra-fine fraction, this size range of PM may entail greater health risks as they penetrate deeper into the lungs and are mainly the products of combustion (Fromme et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Indoor air quality in London schools. Part 1: ‘performance in use’

Chatzidiakou¹,

Mumovic²,

Summerfield

et al. 2014

Intelligent Buildings International

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This study aims to assess the adequacy of current guidelines, framed around thermal comfort, estimated ventilation rates, and CO 2 levels, for the provision of indoor air quality (IAQ) in school classrooms. It draws on detailed monitoring data from a sample of 18 classrooms from 6 London schools. Overheating during the non-heating season was identified in eight south-, south-east-, and east-facing classrooms in two Victorian and two contemporary schools. Four classrooms in these contemporary schools also failed to keep average indoor CO 2 levels below 1500 ppm in the non-heating season. During the heating season, eight classrooms exceeded the daily average indoor CO 2 levels. Mean indoor particulate matter (PM) 10 and PM 2.5 levels recorded in all classrooms in both seasons were higher than 20 and 10 μg/m 3 , respectively, indicating that school exposure during an academic year may exceed annual recommended WHO [2006. Air Quality Guidelines: Global Update 2005: Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Sulfur Dioxide. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2010. WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.] guideline values in all classrooms. In both seasons, all classrooms were found to have indoor total volatile organic compounds levels (median: 269 ppb and interquartile range: 64-408 ppb) above guideline thresholds (130 ppb) associated with sensory irritations. Identification of specific volatile organic compounds indicated the presence of strong indoor sources including furniture, cleaning products, and teaching materials. Findings suggest that these school classrooms often have poor IAQ due to a combination of sub-optimal building operation and management practices. Furthermore, while CO 2 and ventilation rates are a useful tool for IAQ assessment, findings indicate that consideration of specific pollutants is necessary to ensure a healthy indoor environment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Indoor air quality in London schools. Part 1: ‘performance in use’

Chatzidiakou¹,

Mumovic²,

Summerfield

et al. 2014

Intelligent Buildings International

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“…Exposure to many TRAPs including BC can vary greatly due to changes in traffic patterns and distance from traffic related sources (Dons et al, 2012; Patel et al, 2009). Therefore, personal exposure monitoring, as measured here, is ideal for capturing individual level BC exposure when evaluating relationships between exposures, behaviors and clinical measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, black carbon exposure and airway inflammation in an urban adolescent cohort

Lovinsky‐Desir

Jung

Rundle

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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Objective Regular physical activity can improve cardiopulmonary health; however, increased respiratory rates and tidal volumes during activity may increase the effective internal dose of air pollution exposure. Our objective was to investigate the impact of black carbon (BC) measured by personal sampler on the relationship between physical activity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a marker of airway inflammation. We hypothesized that higher personal BC would attenuate the protective effect of physical activity on airway inflammation. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study nested in a birth cohort of African American and Dominican children living in the Bronx and Northern Manhattan, New York City. Children were recruited based on age (target 9-14 year olds) and presence (n=70) or absence (n=59) of current asthma. Children wore wrist mounted accelerometers for 6 days and were classified as ‘active’ if they had ≥60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVA) each day and ‘non-active’ if they had <60 minutes of MVA on any given day, based on CDC guidelines. Personal BC measured using a MicroAeth, was assessed during two 24-hour periods, at the beginning and end of physical activity assessment. High BC was defined as the upper tertile of BC measured with personal sampler. FeNO measurements were sampled at the beginning and end of the of physical activity assessment. Results In multivariable linear regression models, ‘active’ children had 25% higher personal BC concentrations (p=0.02) and 20% lower FeNO (p=0.04) compared to ‘non-active’ children. Among children with high personal BC (n=33), there was no relationship between activity and FeNO (p=1.00). The significant protective relationship between activity and airway inflammation was largely driven by children with lower personal BC (n=96, p=0.04). Conclusions Children that live in an urban environment and are physically active on a daily basis have higher personal exposure to BC. High BC offsets the protective relationship between physical activity and airway inflammation.

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“…However, in studies across diverse locations, different indicators of traffic and built environment have been associated with pollutants such as NO 2 , PM 2.5 , and black carbon (Brauer et al, 2008; Morgenstern et al, 2008; Patel et al, 2009b). By examining a diverse set of GIS variables representing traffic proximity, density, vehicle mix, industrial emission sources, and land use characteristics, we aimed to characterize whether particular surrogates of local air pollution mix and perhaps exposures to a mixture of air pollutants were associated with different measures of respiratory health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic density and stationary sources of air pollution associated with wheeze, asthma, and immunoglobulin E from birth to age 5 years among New York City children

Patel

Quinn

Jung

et al. 2011

Environmental Research

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113

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Exposures to ambient air traffic-related pollutants and their sources have been associated with respiratory and asthma morbidity in children. However, longitudinal investigation of the effects of traffic-related exposures during early childhood is limited. We examined associations of residential proximity and density of traffic and stationary sources of air pollution with wheeze, asthma, and immunoglobulin (Ig) E among New York City children between birth and age 5 years. Subjects included 593 Dominican and African American participants from the Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health cohort. Prenatally, through age 5 years, residential and respiratory health data were collected every 3-6 months. At ages 2, 3, and 5 years, serum IgE was measured. Spatial data on the proximity and density of roadways and built environment were collected for a 250 meter buffer around subjects’ homes. Associations of wheeze, asthma, total IgE, and allergen-specific IgE with prenatal, earlier childhood, and concurrent exposures to air pollution sources were analyzed using generalized estimating equations or logistic regression. In repeated measures analyses, concurrent residential density of four-way intersections was associated significantly with wheeze (odds ratio: 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.57). Age 1 exposures also were associated with wheeze at subsequent ages. Concurrent proximity to highway was associated more strongly with total IgE (ratio of the geometric mean levels: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.42) than were prenatal or earlier childhood exposures. Positive associations also were observed between percent commercial building area and asthma, wheeze, and IgE and between proximity to stationary sources of air pollution and asthma. Longitudinal investigation suggests that among Dominican and African American children living in Northern Manhattan and South Bronx during ages 0 to 5 years, residence in neighborhoods with high density of traffic and industrial facilities may contribute to chronic respiratory morbidity, and concurrent, prenatal, and earlier childhood exposures may be important. These findings may have broad implications for other urban populations that commonly have high asthma prevalence and exposure to a high density of traffic and stationary air pollution sources.

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Spatial and temporal variations in traffic-related particulate matter at New York City high schools

Cited by 71 publications

References 22 publications

Indoor air quality in London schools. Part 1: ‘performance in use’

Indoor air quality in London schools. Part 1: ‘performance in use’

Physical activity, black carbon exposure and airway inflammation in an urban adolescent cohort

Traffic density and stationary sources of air pollution associated with wheeze, asthma, and immunoglobulin E from birth to age 5 years among New York City children

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