Spatial and temporal variation of water quality index of Euphrates River in Anbar Governorate, Iraq

Saod, Wahran M.; Al-Heety, Emad A.; Mohammed, Mustafa Mohamood

doi:10.1063/5.0000190

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…15 parameters of water quality. The water quality is classified mainly as "significant" according to the mean value of WQI [17]. An attempt was made to develop the WQI using six parameters for water quality.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

On The Evaluation of Water Quality Index: Case Study of Euphrates River, Iraq

Khaleefa

Kamel²

2021

Kbes

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This study is used the water quality index (WQI), which is generated by combining several water quality parameters. This index gives a helpful representation of overall water quality for the public and all intended applications, and it demonstrates that pollution is beneficial in water quality management and decision-making. The Euphrates River was assessed in order to determine the quality of drinking water. The Euphrates River was assessed for drinking water quality using the WQI, which includes ten physicochemical water quality criteria. This was achieved by submitting comprehensive physicochemical analysis of water samples collected from 5 stations in the city of Hit-Iraq during 2020-2021. The ten physicochemical parameters included: pH value, Nitrate (NO3), Sulphate (SO4), Turbidity, temperature, Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), electric conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). This was accomplished by submitting a full physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from 5 sites in Hit, Iraq, between 2020 and 2021. The results of the present study show, the total average WQI was 110,156. The high WQI achieved is caused by the high TDS and magnesium concentration due to the different human activities along the river reach. The Euphrates River quality is classified as 'very poor quality' with a minimum WQI of 97.85 in June and 121.75 in November.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

On The Evaluation of Water Quality Index: Case Study of Euphrates River, Iraq

Khaleefa

Kamel²

2021

Kbes

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“…The river length is divided into three main Sects. (455 km, Turkey), (661 km, Syria), and (1670 km, Iraq) (Al Bomola, 2011;Balciogullari, 2018;UN-ESCWA, 2013;Abdullah, 2017). The Euphrates river shares its total catchment area (444 thousand km 2 ) by four countries which are Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, where the sharing catchment areas in these countries are (respectively) 28, 17, 41 and 14% (Mahmoud, 2010;UN-ESCWA, 2013).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reasons for increased salinity in the river related to building huge reservoirs in the origination of the river (Turkey and Syria). Moreover, the effects of long series of wars and the erroneous planning of different governments as well as the irrigation system in Iraq are still ancient until the current time (Al Bomola, 2011;Al-Tikrity, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the total dissolved salts (TDS) along the Euphrates river were sampled from sixteen sections in the years 2011, 2012, and 2013. Many former researchers studied the quality in the parts of the Euphrates river within the Iraqi border such as (Al Bomola, 2011;Al-Heety et al, 2011;Al-Obeidi, 2017;Abbas & Hassan, 2018;Abdullah et al, 2019). Chabuk et al (2020) studied the water quality along the Euphrates river within the Iraqi border.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classification Maps for TDS Concentrations in the GIS Along Euphrates River, Iraq

Chabuk

Hammood

Al‐Ansari

et al. 2021

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Iraq currently undergoing the problem of water shortage, although Iraq has two Rivers (Euphrates and Tigris) pass throughout most of its areas, and they have represented a major source of water supply. In the current research, to evaluate the quality of the Euphrates river in Iraq based on the values of total dissolved salts (TDS), the TDS concentrations were collected from sixteen sections along the river in the three succeeding years (2011, 2012, and 2013). The evaluation of the river was done depending on the classification of (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland). of rivers for drinking uses. Inverse Distance Weighting Technique (IDWT) as a tool in the GIS was employed to establish the maps of the river that using interpolation/prediction for the TDS concentrations to each selected year and the average values of TDS for these 3 years. Based on the five categories of rivers’ classification of the TDS concentrations according to the (W.H.O. (World Health Organization). (2003). Total Dissolved Salts in Drinking-water: Background document for development of W.H.O. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland), the Euphrates river was classified, and the maps of classification for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 and the average values for 3 years were created. The average values for 3 years of TDS along the Euphrates river indicated that the sections from SC-1 to SC-4 as moderate-water-quality-Category-3, the sections from SC-5 to SC-10 as poor-water-quality-Category-4, while the sections between SC-11 to SC-16 as very poor-water-quality-Category-5. The interpolation maps showed that the Euphrates river in Iraq was ranged from moderate water quality (Category-3) to very poor water quality (Category-5).

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“…Using satellite photos, the purpose of the research was to make a prediction about the regional distribution of water quality metrics in the Euphrates [15]. This research focused on the water quality standards of the Euphrates River in Iraq, namely in the towns of Hit and Ramadi, as well as the influence flow has on water quality [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Some Water Quality Parameters in the Storm Sewer Network at Ramadi City, Iraq

Al-Alossy¹,

Mustafa²,

Al-Somaydaii³

2022

EESRJ

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This study aims to assess the quality of storm sewer water in Ramadi city before its discharge into the Euphrates River and Al-Warrar Canal. Several samples were taken from the storm sewer in two different periods October and April months. Samples were tested in laboratories which included (PH), electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity (Alk), total hardness (T.H), calcium (Ca), biological oxygen requirements (BOD5), chemical oxygen requirements (COD), nitrate (NO3). sulfate (SO4) dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids (TSS), and some heavy metals such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). In this study, the authors suggested a new approach for calibrating WQI values using the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and coefficients analysis The results showed that the (MLR) model is acceptable, the multiple linear regression analysis (MLP) was applicable to calibrate WQI values, and new WQI equation with four variables was developed (SO4, BOD5, TSS and TDS), The results showed that the MLR model has a coefficient of R2 equal to (0.859), which indicates that 85.9% of the variance of the data was explained as well as obtaining significance values greater than 0.05 for each of the absolute WQI value. According to analysis, SO4 is the parameter that has the greatest effect on WQI.

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Spatial and temporal variation of water quality index of Euphrates River in Anbar Governorate, Iraq

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

On The Evaluation of Water Quality Index: Case Study of Euphrates River, Iraq

On The Evaluation of Water Quality Index: Case Study of Euphrates River, Iraq

Classification Maps for TDS Concentrations in the GIS Along Euphrates River, Iraq

Assessment of Some Water Quality Parameters in the Storm Sewer Network at Ramadi City, Iraq

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