Spatial and temporal variation in type 1 diabetes incidence in Western Australia from 1991 to 2010: Increased risk at higher latitudes and over time

Ball, Stephen; Haynes, Aveni; Jacoby, Peter; Pereira, Gavin; Miller, Laura J.; Bower, Carol; Davis, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.05.004

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…In addition, previous studies have shown a spatial variation in diabetes incidence. After controlling for population density, SES, remoteness and ethnicity, researchers showed the risk of diabetes incidence in Western Australia varied with latitude (Ball et al, 2014). Similar results were reported in Finland as the incidence rate of diabetes was higher in rural areas as compared to urban areas (Voutilainen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Identifying counties vulnerable to diabetes from obesity prevalence in the United States: a spatiotemporal analysis

Staudt

Chien

2016

Geospat Health

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Clinical and epidemiological research has reported a strong association between diabetes and obesity. However, whether increased diabetes prevalence is more likely to appear in areas with increased obesity prevalence has not been thoroughly investigated in the United States (US). The Bayesian structured additive regression model was applied to identify whether counties with higher obesity prevalence are more likely clustered in specific regions in 48 contiguous US states. Prevalence data adopted the small area estimate from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Confounding variables like socioeconomic status adopted data were from the American Community Survey. This study reveals that an increased percentage of relative risk of diabetes was more likely to appear in Southeast, Northeast, Central and South regions. Of counties vulnerable to diabetes, 36.8% had low obesity prevalence, and most of them were located in the Southeast, Central, and South regions. The geographic distribution of counties vulnerable to diabetes expanded to the Southwest, West and Northern regions when obesity prevalence increased. This study also discloses that 7.4% of counties had the largest average in predicted diabetes prevalence compared to the other counties. Their average diabetes prevalence escalated from 8.7% in 2004 to 11.2% in 2011. This study not only identifies counties vulnerable to diabetes due to obesity, but also distinguishes counties in terms of different levels of vulnerability to diabetes. The findings can provide the possibility of establishing targeted surveillance systems to raise awareness of diabetes in those counties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Identifying counties vulnerable to diabetes from obesity prevalence in the United States: a spatiotemporal analysis

Staudt

Chien

2016

Geospat Health

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“…This is consistent with a protective effect of higher sun exposure/vitamin D, albeit providing weak evidence only. A similar latitude gradient in the incidence and/or prevalence of other autoimmune diseases, for example type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis , has led to considerable research on possible protective effects of sun exposure and/or vitamin D for these diseases .…”

Section: Associations Of Vitamin D and Sun Exposure With Ibd And Pibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Deficiency as Risk Factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, With a Focus on Childhood Onset

Holmes

Harris

Lucas

2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing worldwide. Some ecological studies show increasing incidence with increasing latitude. Ambient ultraviolet radiation varies inversely with latitude, and sun exposure of the skin is a major source of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with IBD. Sun exposure and vitamin D have immune effects that could plausibly reduce, or be protective for, IBD. One quarter of new IBD cases are diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, but most research is for adult-onset IBD. Here, we review the evidence for low sun exposure and/or vitamin D deficiency as risk factors for IBD, focusing where possible on pediatric IBD, where effects of environmental exposures may be clearer. The literature provides some evidence of a latitude gradient of IBD incidence, and evidence for seasonal patterns of timing of birth or disease onset is inconsistent. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency occurs in people with IBD, but cannot be interpreted as being a causal risk factor. Evidence of vitamin D supplementation affecting disease activity is limited. Further research on predisease sun exposure and well-designed supplementation studies are required to elucidate whether these potentially modifiable exposures are indeed risk factors for IBD.

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“…A link between autoimmune conditions and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency has been implicated. A longitudinal study in Western Australia found both geographical and seasonal variations in incidence of T1D in children [2]. A recent cross-sectional study of Israeli type 1 diabetic youth revealed high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and an association between vitamin D levels, seasonality and BMI [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Carakushansky¹,

Patel²,

Khallouq³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Background In the recent years, controversy has emerged regarding the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the potential effects it could have on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). This study investigates the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in pediatric patients with T1D from a single, large volume practice. Methods This was a retrospective chart review that collected clinical/demographic data as well as serum 25(OH) D levels from medical records of 395 children between the ages of 3 and 18 years with T1D followed at Nemours Children's Hospital. This data was compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. A Pearson's Chi-square test was used between group associations. All statistical tests were two-sided and p < 0.05 was used for statistical significance. Results Of the 395 children included in these analyses, 4% were vitamin D deficient and 60% were vitamin D insufficient. There were no significant associations of vitamin D deficiency based on sex and age. Vitamin D deficiency was more common among White children when compared to Hispanic children and African American children (42% vs 29%; p < 0.001). Of those that were vitamin D insufficient (n = 235), most were Hispanic (51%), 36% White and 13% African American. There was a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.035). In the summer, children were less likely to be vitamin D deficient (3% vs 6% in winter) and less likely to be vitamin D insufficient (55% vs 71% in winter) (p = 0.007). Conclusions Vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent among pediatric type 1 diabetics of Central Florida and statistically significant correlation was found between vitamin D status and ethnicity, BMI as well as seasonal variation.

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Spatial and temporal variation in type 1 diabetes incidence in Western Australia from 1991 to 2010: Increased risk at higher latitudes and over time

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Identifying counties vulnerable to diabetes from obesity prevalence in the United States: a spatiotemporal analysis

Identifying counties vulnerable to diabetes from obesity prevalence in the United States: a spatiotemporal analysis

Low Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Deficiency as Risk Factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, With a Focus on Childhood Onset

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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