Spatial and temporal traction response  in human airway smooth muscle cells

Tolic-Norrelykke, Iva M.; Butler, James P.; Chen, Jianxin; Wang, Ning

doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00169.2002

Cited by 124 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The contribution of the thermal noise to the fluctuations of micropillars, which corresponds to Ϸ1 nm, is negligible. The spatial force resolution, determined by the periodicity of the FSA, is 3 or 4 m in the present study, comparable with the estimated spatial resolution obtained on continuous polyacrylamide substrates (15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In the latter case, displacements of beads embedded randomly throughout the elastomer are correlated to deformations generated by cells (15). These methods have provided important quantitative information on force distributions and have led to significant improvements in our understanding of spatial and temporal traction response in cells (14)(15)(16)(17). Nevertheless, such techniques present limitations, mostly because, as deformations propagate on continuous surfaces, the relation between bead displacements and forces is difficult to compute.…”

Section: Force Mapping In Epithelial Cell Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Force mapping in epithelial cell migration

Roure

Saez

Buguin

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

693

648

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We measure dynamic traction forces exerted by epithelial cells on a substrate. The force sensor is a high-density array of elastomeric microfabricated pillars that support the cells. Traction forces induced by cell migration are deduced from the measurement of the bending of these pillars and are correlated with actin localization by fluorescence microscopy. We use a multiple-particle tracking method to estimate the mechanical activity of cells in real time with a high-spatial resolution (down to 2 μm) imposed by the periodicity of the post array. For these experiments, we use differentiated Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells. Our data provide definite information on mechanical forces exerted by a cellular assembly. The maximum intensity of the forces is localized on the edge of the epithelia. Hepatocyte growth factor promotes cell motility and induces strong scattering activity of MDCK cells. Thus, we compare forces generated by MDCK cells in subconfluent epithelia versus isolated cells after hepatocyte growth factor treatment. Maximal-traction stresses at the edge of a monolayer correspond to higher values than those measured for a single cell and may be due to a collective behavior

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Force Mapping In Epithelial Cell Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force mapping in epithelial cell migration

Roure

Saez

Buguin

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

693

648

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show abstract

“…After the cell was trypsinized, another fluorescent image was taken to calculate the displacement field generated by the cell. Using these images, we determined the displacement field of the gel (65). The constrained traction field within a 50-m square was calculated from the displacement field implementing the solution described by Butler et al (10).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the cytoskeletal prestress

Park¹,

Tambe²,

Alencar

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Cell mechanical properties on a whole cell basis have been widely studied, whereas local intracellular variations have been less well characterized and are poorly understood. To fill this gap, here we provide detailed intracellular maps of regional cytoskeleton (CSK) stiffness, loss tangent, and rate of structural rearrangements, as well as their relationships to the underlying regional F-actin density and the local cytoskeletal prestress. In the human airway smooth muscle cell, we used micropatterning to minimize geometric variation. We measured the local cell stiffness and loss tangent with optical magnetic twisting cytometry and the local rate of CSK remodeling with spontaneous displacements of a CSK-bound bead. We also measured traction distributions with traction microscopy and cell geometry with atomic force microscopy. On the basis of these experimental observations, we used finite element methods to map for the first time the regional distribution of intracellular prestress. Compared with the cell center or edges, cell corners were systematically stiffer and more fluidlike and supported higher traction forces, and at the same time had slower remodeling dynamics. Local remodeling dynamics had a close inverse relationship with local cell stiffness. The principal finding, however, is that systematic regional variations of CSK stiffness correlated only poorly with regional F-actin density but strongly and linearly with the regional prestress. Taken together, these findings in the intact cell comprise the most comprehensive characterization to date of regional variations of cytoskeletal mechanical properties and their determinants.

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“…Cells were grown on thin (Ϸ100 m), FN-coated, flexible polyacrylamide gels (Young's modulus ϭ 14 kPa) containing fluorescent nanobeads (100 nm diameter) as fiduciary markers, as previously described (48).…”

Section: Analysis Of Cellular Traction Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor-derived endothelial cells exhibit aberrant Rho-mediated mechanosensing and abnormal angiogenesis in vitro

Ghosh

Thodeti

Dudley

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

179

187

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Tumor blood vessels exhibit abnormal structure and function that cause disturbed blood flow and high interstitial pressure, which impair delivery of anti-cancer agents. Past efforts to normalize the tumor vasculature have focused on inhibition of soluble angiogenic factors, such as VEGF; however, capillary endothelial (CE) cell growth and differentiation during angiogenesis are also influenced by mechanical forces conveyed by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we explored the possibility that tumor CE cells form abnormal vessels because they lose their ability to sense and respond to these physical cues. These studies reveal that, in contrast to normal CE cells, tumor-derived CE cells fail to reorient their actin cytoskeleton when exposed to uniaxial cyclic strain, exhibit distinct shape sensitivity to variations in ECM elasticity, exert greater traction force, and display an enhanced ability to retract flexible ECM substrates and reorganize into tubular networks in vitro. These behaviors correlate with a constitutively high level of baseline activity of the small GTPase Rho and its downstream effector, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK). Moreover, decreasing Rho-mediated tension by using the ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, can reprogram the tumor CE cells so that they normalize their reorientation response to uniaxial cyclic strain and their ability to form tubular networks on ECM gels. Abnormal Rho-mediated sensing of mechanical cues in the tumor microenvironment may therefore contribute to the aberrant behaviors of tumor CE cells that result in the development of structural abnormalities in the cancer microvasculature.capillary ͉ contractility ͉ elasticity ͉ GTPase ͉ mechanotransduction

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Spatial and temporal traction response in human airway smooth muscle cells

Cited by 124 publications

References 32 publications

Force mapping in epithelial cell migration

Force mapping in epithelial cell migration

Mapping the cytoskeletal prestress

Tumor-derived endothelial cells exhibit aberrant Rho-mediated mechanosensing and abnormal angiogenesis in vitro

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