Spatial and temporal patterns of infant mortality and its components in Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Objectives. The study aims to assess the trend of neonatal, post-neonatal, and infant mortality from 1996 to 2020 within the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro and other regions. Methods. Ecological study using the region as analysis unity. Data were accessed from the Mortality Information System and Live Birth Information System in the capital Rio de Janeiro, in the neighboring areas of Niterói, São Gonçalo, Baixada Fluminense, and the remaining regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro State. We applied Poisson multilevel modeling, where the models’ response variables were infant mortality and its neonatal and post neonatal components. Fixed effects of the adjusted models were region and death year variables. Results. During the 1996-2020 period, the Baixada Fluminense showed the highest infant mortality rate as to its neonatal and post neonatal components. All adjusted models showed that the more recent the year the lower the mortality risk. Niterói showed the lowest adjusted risk of infant mortality and its neonatal and post neonatal components. Conclusion. Baixada Fluminense showed the highest mortality risk for infant mortality and its neonatal and post-neonatal components in the metropolitan region. The stabilization in mortality rates in recent years was identified by the research.

The Public Defender’s Office Has No Identity: An <i>Essay</i> on the <i>Ambiguity</i>, Its Effect of <i>Uncertainty</i> and the <i>Stabilizing Meaning </i>of Discourses and Practices in a Juridical-Political Institution

“…", she does not seem to consider that the state of calamity regarding housing in Brazil may drive the actors to action and that people may have some reason in thinking that an empty space is necessarily available for occupation. The "Baixada (Rodrigues et al, 2023) 33 is complicated, a lot of land conflict […] but nonviolent", she cared to emphasize, as if warning that her activity is different from those involved in the necessarily violent dimension of social conflict. When I asked her if the issue in Baixada had to do with the property she replied with an alarmed "no!".…”

“…Baixada Fluminense is a region in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Its population of about three million, makes it the second most populous region in the state, one of the lowest in Human Development Index (HDI) and one of the highest in urban violence (Rodrigues et al, 2023).…”