Spatial and temporal patterns of growth and consumption by juvenile spring/summer Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Chittaro, Paul M.; Zabel, Richard W.; Haught, Kerri; Sanderson, Beth L.; Kennedy, Brian P.

doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0230-2

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Modelling fish growth is complex, as it is the result of multiple biotic factors and feedbacks with environmental conditions (e.g., Chittaro, Zabel, Haught, Sanderson, & Kennedy, 2014; Crozier, Zabel, Hockersmith, & Achord, 2010; Finstad et al, 2011). While temperature is widely regarded as an important control on fish growth (Brett, 1995), there are additional site‐specific factors created by flow diversion that could affect trout growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted effects of flow diversion by Run‐of‐River hydropower on bypassed stream temperature and bioenergetics of salmonid fishes

Gibeau

Palen

2020

River Research & Apps

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Many anthropogenic disturbances impact stream ecosystems by changing flow and temperature regimes. The emerging industry of small Run‐of‐River (RoR) hydropower reduces streamflow in bypassed reaches, with largely unknown consequences for water temperatures and fish growth. We used empirical and simulated data from two small RoR regulated streams in British Columbia (Canada) to quantify changes in water temperatures in bypassed reaches and assess the potential impacts to resident rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth using bioenergetics models under a range of consumption scenarios. We found increases in mean monthly water temperature in bypassed reaches due to flow diversion of 0.5–0.8°C (0.17–0.19°C/km). Bioenergetics models using those temperatures predicted increases in annual O. mykiss growth (compared to natural temperatures) if consumption was unlimited (+200–450%), increases (+15–42%) if consumption was scaled with higher metabolic demand, and small reductions (−5 to 7%) if consumption remained constant. If food availability was reduced by 25%, annual growth was predicted to decline by 45%. Empirical estimates of annual growth of fish sampled indicate modest reductions in annual growth less severe than those modelled by our Scenario 2. Our results highlight that increases in water temperature induced by flow diversion for small RoR hydropower could be large enough to have consequences for O. mykiss growth, but the impacts depend on how and when RoR hydropower affects food supply and consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicted effects of flow diversion by Run‐of‐River hydropower on bypassed stream temperature and bioenergetics of salmonid fishes

Gibeau

Palen

2020

River Research & Apps

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“…Between 0 and 0.11 gÁg À1 Ád À1 ; medians~0.02 and 0.07 gÁg À1 Ád À1 in spring and summer 0.003-0.029 gÁg À1 Ád À1 for Chinook in summer Chittaro et al (2014) 0.05 and 0.07 gÁg À1 Ád À1 for coho in winter and spring Ebersole et al (2006) Final weight 0.4 g newly emerged; medians 1.5 and 6 g by spring and last day of simulation; range 4-10 g on final day (2004), Scheuerell et al (2006) fish in the contemporary thermal regime (~3-24°C) were within the range of temperatures in rivers of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Incubation temperatures ranged from 5°to 15°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Predictions of emergence timing, conspecific densities experienced, daily consumption and growth rates, final weight, and smolt outmigration date were generally within ranges observed in the field (Table 3). Temperatures available to Between 0.02 and 0.15 gÁg À1 Ád À1 ; medians 0.03 during spring, 0.13 during summer, and~0.08 by October Mean = 0.11 and 0.07 gÁg À1 Ád À1 in mid-and late summer for Chinook; differed among streams Chittaro et al (2014) 0.10 gÁg À1 Ád À1 for a 50-g Sockeye;…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Simulated juvenile salmon growth and phenology respond to altered thermal regimes and stream network shape

et al. 2017

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Abstract. It is generally accepted that climate change will stress coldwater species such as Pacific salmon. However, it is unclear what aspect of altered thermal regimes (e.g., warmer winters, springs, summers, or increased variability) will have the greatest effect, and what role the spatial properties of river networks play. Thermally diverse habitats may afford protection from climate change by providing opportunities for aquatic organisms to find and use habitats with optimal conditions for growth. We hypothesized that climate-altered thermal regimes will change growth and timing of life history events such as emergence or migration but that changes will be moderated in topologically complex stream networks where opportunities to thermoregulate are more readily available to mobile animals. Because climate change effects on populations are spatially variable and contingent upon physiological optima, assessments of risk must take a spatially explicit approach. We developed a spatially structured individual-based model for Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in which movement decisions and growth were governed by water temperature and conspecific density. We evaluated growth and phenology (timing of egg emergence and smolting) under a variety of thermal regimes (each having a different minimum, rate of warming, maximum, and variability) and in three network shapes of increasing spatial complexity. Across networks, fish generally grew faster and were capable of smolting earlier in warmer scenarios where water temperatures experienced by fish were closer to optimal; however, growth decreased for some fish. We found that salmon size and smolt date responded more strongly to warmer springs and summers than to warmer winters or increased variability. Fish in the least complex network grew faster and were ready to smolt earlier than fish in the more spatially complex network shapes in the contemporary thermal regime; patterns were similar but less clear in warmer thermal regimes. Our results demonstrate that network topology may influence how fish respond to thermal landscapes, and this information will be useful for incorporating a spatiotemporal context into conservation decisions that promote long-term viability of salmon in a changing climate.

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“…While growth rates under warmer water conditions can increase if there is sufficient food resources, unless the temperature is too high, the food intake and evacuated rate also increases thus decreasing the ability of the fish to convert their food to somatic growth [ 24 , 28 , 29 ]. Research on salmon in freshwater has shown that higher stream temperatures result in a higher metabolic cost that requires more food to maintain similar growth rates as found in cooler streams [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming Ocean Conditions Relate to Increased Trophic Requirements of Threatened and Endangered Salmon

Daly

Brodeur

2015

PLoS ONE

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The trophic habits, size and condition of yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) caught early in their marine residence were examined during 19 survey years (1981–1985; 1998–2011). Juvenile salmon consumed distinct highly piscivorous diets in cold and warm ocean regimes with major differences between ocean regimes driven by changes in consumption of juvenile rockfishes, followed by several other fish prey, adult euphausiids and decapod larvae. Notable, Chinook salmon consumed 30% more food in the warm versus cold ocean regime in both May and June. Additionally, there were about 30% fewer empty stomachs in the warm ocean regime in May, and 10% fewer in warm June periods. The total prey energy density consumed during the warmer ocean regime was also significantly higher than in cold. Chinook salmon had lower condition factor and were smaller in fork length during the warm ocean regime, and were longer and heavier for their size during the cold ocean regime. The significant increase in foraging during the warm ocean regime occurred concurrently with lower available prey biomass. Adult return rates of juvenile Chinook salmon that entered the ocean during a warm ocean regime were lower. Notably, our long term data set contradicts the long held assertion that juvenile salmon eat less in a warm ocean regime when low growth and survival is observed, and when available prey are reduced. Comparing diet changes between decades under variable ocean conditions may assist us in understanding the effects of projected warming ocean regimes on juvenile Chinook salmon and their survival in the ocean environment. Bioenergetically, the salmon appear to require more food resources during warm ocean regimes.

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Spatial and temporal patterns of growth and consumption by juvenile spring/summer Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Predicted effects of flow diversion by Run‐of‐River hydropower on bypassed stream temperature and bioenergetics of salmonid fishes

Predicted effects of flow diversion by Run‐of‐River hydropower on bypassed stream temperature and bioenergetics of salmonid fishes

Simulated juvenile salmon growth and phenology respond to altered thermal regimes and stream network shape

Warming Ocean Conditions Relate to Increased Trophic Requirements of Threatened and Endangered Salmon

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