Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen isotopic composition of ammonia at U.S. ammonia monitoring network sites

Felix, J. David; Elliott, Emily M.; Gay, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.039

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Criteria values for the four sites are PIN = 1.47, PTD = 1.57, ROC = 0.76, and QUE = 0.72. As previously reported (Felix et al, ; Paulot et al, ), larger monthly variations were found at the rural sites. At the rural sites, NH 3 emissions were mainly from agricultural activities such as manure spreading, soil emissions, and vegetation that can be impacted by the changing meteorological conditions including temperature, RH, wind speed, and atmospheric dispersion conditions (Asman et al, ; Sutton et al, ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Ambient Ammonia Concentrations Across New York State

Zhou

Holsen

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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Ammonia (NH3) was monitored at four locations (two urban and two rural) across New York State from April 2016 to October 2017 using active and passive systems. The two rural sites were Pinnacle State Park (PIN) and the Village of Potsdam, and the two urban sites were the City of Rochester and Queens College in New York City. Active and passive concentrations were well correlated across all sites (r2 = 0.866), but the active systems measured 6.2% higher NH3 concentrations. The mean (±SD) NH3 concentrations measured using active systems in Queens College, City of Rochester, Village of Potsdam, and PIN were 3.22 ± 2.23, 2.84 ± 1.91, 1.29 ± 1.12, and 0.82 ± 0.64 ppb, respectively. Ambient NH3 concentrations varied with diel vehicular and seasonal agricultural activities. NH3 concentrations at the urban sites had lower seasonal variability than the rural sites. NH3 concentrations were generally related to regional and in‐state NH3 emissions although less regional influence was observed at the urban sites. Local NH3 source directions were identified using conditional bivariate probability function. The urban sites were affected by local NH3 sources such as vehicular emissions and urban population centers. Likely distant NH3 source locations affecting the four sites were identified using simplified quantitative transport bias analysis model. Rural sites were more highly affected by transported NH3. Midwestern and Atlantic were major NH3 source areas. NH3 emissions from the south of PIN were probably due to the use of diesel trucks and other diesel engines in the hydraulic fracturing industry in Pennsylvania near the New York State border.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Ambient Ammonia Concentrations Across New York State

Zhou

Holsen

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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“…3,16 The average isotopic composition of ammonia fluctuates between −42.4 and 7.1‰ and for nitrate from −2 to 3‰. 15,17−19 The availability of both nitrogen sources led to a preferential incorporation of 14 N, which was amplified by the addition of soil-improving VC. This explains why the plants grown under the conventional inorganic soil treatment displayed the lowest δ 15 N air values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heavier nitrogen isotope remained in the soil and was assimilated during the fruit ripening stages. 8,17 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Isotope Composition, Nitrogen Amount, and Fruit Yield of Tomato Plants Affected by the Soil–Fertilizer Types

et al. 2018

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Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are heavy nutrient feeding crops and require high amounts of nitrogen to maximize fruit production. The type of nitrogen applied and timing of fertilizer applications are important to reduce losses due to volatilization and leaching. Previous research suggested that nitrogen stable isotopes are a useful fingerprinting system for indicating if a crop has been grown with synthetic or organic nitrogen applications. To study the effects of fertilization systems on nitrogen isotopic patterns, “Better Bush” tomatoes were grown in a 2 year greenhouse experiment to analyze nitrogen isotopic composition, nitrogen content, and fruit yield. Three main soil fertility treatments were evaluated, and the results were compared to those obtained on plants grown in unfertilized soil: conventional inorganic (synthetic Miracle Grow (MG)), organic (bonemeal and bloodmeal (BB), BB with liquid Earth Juice (BBL), BB with 25% vermicompost (VC), BBL with 25% VC, and 25% VC), and mixed (MG with 25% VC). The soil fertilizers, treated and untreated soil, immature and mature leaflets tomato fruit peels, and fruit juices were analyzed for both nitrogen isotope ratios and nitrogen concentrations. Plant δ15Nair decreased in the order organic treatment-no fertilizer-mixed treatment-conventional treatment. The average δ15Nair values in leaves, fruit peels, and juice from plants grown with organic treatments ranged from 4.5 to 11.9, 5.4 to 10.1, and 6.1 to 11.1‰, respectively, whereas in the case of the inorganic treatment, the average δ15Nair values varied between −3.0 and 0.4, −1.1 and 0.4, and −0.9 and 1.9‰, respectively. Plant nitrogen concentrations in tomato decreased in the following order (from highest to lowest): inorganic soil fertility treatment, mixed treatments, and organic and control (no fertilizer) treatment. The average weight %N values in leaves and fruit peels from plants grown with organic treatments ranged from 1.3 to 4.2 and 1.1 to 2.3%, respectively, whereas in the case of the inorganic treatment, the average weight %N values varied between 3.7 and 5 and 1.3 and 2.8%, respectively. Plants grown under organic treatments have higher δ15Nair, lower weight %N, and are enriched in 15N compared with the original soil than plants grown with inorganic fertilizer, suggesting that the synthetic nitrogen sources are more readily available for plant uptake than the organic ones. The addition of vermicompost increases both δ15Nair and weight %N in plants. Tomato fruit yields did not differ between cluster 1 and cluster 2 harvest, however, total tomato fruit yields differed indicating that synthetically fertilized plants produced the highest total yields (g) (P ≤ 0.05). However, all treatments with VC soil applications indicated an increase in the amount of plant nitrogen, fruit yield, soil cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter content, and released soil nitrogen. Nitrogen isotope ratios of tomatoes can be used to distinguish among various soil fertility treatments, therefore fingerprinting the organ...

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“…Furthermore, NH 3 deposition can also indirectly enhance nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions (Pinder et al, 2013). The development of regulations to reduce PM 2.5 and NH 3 emissions in the United States is under consideration and will require improved understanding of NH 3 sources, sinks, and transport processes (Felix et al, 2017;Schwede et al, 2016). kilometer from the source, which can later be volatilized (Asman et al, 1998;Loubet et al, 2006;Vogt et al, 2013;Walker et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tall Tower Ammonia Observations and Emission Estimates in the U.S. Midwest

Griffis

Baker

et al. 2019

JGR Biogeosciences

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Atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 ) has increased dramatically as a consequence of the production of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer and proliferation of intensive livestock systems. It is a chemical of environmental concern as it readily reacts with atmospheric acids to produce fine particulate matter and indirectly contributes to nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. Here, we present the first tall tower observations of NH 3 within the U.S. Corn Belt for the period April 2017 through December 2018. Hourly average NH 3 mixing ratios were measured at 100 and 56 m above the ground surface and fluxes were estimated using a modified gradient approach. The highest NH 3 mixing ratios (>30 nmol mol −1 ) occurred during early spring and late fall, coinciding with the timing of fertilizer application within the region and the occurrence of warm air temperatures. Net ecosystem NH 3 exchange was greatest in spring and fall with peak emissions of about +50 nmol m −2 s −l . Annual NH 3 emissions estimated using state-of-the-art inventories ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 × the mean annual gross tall tower fluxes (+2.1 nmol m −2 s −1 ). If the tall tower observations are representative of the Upper Midwest and broader U.S. Corn Belt regions, the annual gross emissions were +720 Gg NH 3 -N y −1 and +1,340 Gg NH 3 -N y −1 , respectively. Finally, considering the N 2 O budget over the same region, we estimated total reactive N emissions (i.e., N 2 O + NH 3 ) of approximately 1,790 Gg N y −1 from the U.S. Corn Belt, representing~23% of the current annual new N input.

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Spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen isotopic composition of ammonia at U.S. ammonia monitoring network sites

Cited by 60 publications

References 49 publications

Ambient Ammonia Concentrations Across New York State

Ambient Ammonia Concentrations Across New York State

Nitrogen Isotope Composition, Nitrogen Amount, and Fruit Yield of Tomato Plants Affected by the Soil–Fertilizer Types

Tall Tower Ammonia Observations and Emission Estimates in the U.S. Midwest

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