Spatial and Temporal Locomotor Learning in Mouse Cerebellum

Darmohray, Dana M; Jacobs, Jovin R.; Marques, Hugo Gravato; Carey, Megan R.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.038

Cited by 120 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 92 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Why does spatial gait asymmetry (COO difference), but not temporal gait asymmetry (phasing) explain the faster transfer of step length asymmetry with unilateral stepping? Several studies have suggested that spatial and temporal gait asymmetry are controlled by different processes in the nervous system (Choi et al, 2009;Darmohray et al, 2019;Gonzalez-Rubio et al, 2019;Malone et al, 2012). Temporal gait asymmetry has previously been shown to adapt faster than spatial asymmetry during split-belt treadmill walking (Malone et al, 2012), an observation that our results support.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

People can learn new walking patterns without walking

Song

Stenum

Leech

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

word count: 150 Text word count (Introduction-Conclusion): 4986 Number of figures: 7 ABSTRACT Humans can learn many new walking patterns. People have learned to snowshoe up mountains, racewalk marathons, and march in precise synchrony. But what is required to learn a new walking pattern? Here, we demonstrate that people can learn new walking patterns without actually walking. Through a series of experiments, we observe that stepping with only one legcan facilitate learning of an entirely new walking pattern (i.e., split-belt treadmill walking). We find that the nervous system learns from the relative motion between the legs -whether or not both legs are moving -and can transfer this learning to novel gaits. We also show that locomotor learning requires active movement: observing another person adapt their gait did not result in significantly faster learning. These findings reveal that people can learn new walking patterns without bilateral gait training, as stepping with one leg can facilitate adaptive learning that transfers to novel gait patterns.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

People can learn new walking patterns without walking

Song

Stenum

Leech

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, it was unexpected to observe significant after-effects in StepTime asymmetry with the motorized shoes. Taken together these findings further support the idea of dissociable neural structures mediating the adaptation of spatial and temporal gait features (Boyd and Winstein, 2004; Darmohray et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Motorized shoes induce robust sensorimotor adaptation in walking

Torres-Oviedo

Aucie²,

Sargent

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We believe that this type of hierarchical organization is not exclusive to explicit control, but it is also applicable to implicit control of the limb in space and time. This is supported by a recent study indicating that lesions to interpose cerebellar nuclei altering the adaptation of double support asymmetry (temporal parameter) also reduced the after-effects of spatial features (Darmohray et al, 2019), whereas the recalibration of spatial features can be halted without modifying the temporal ones (Darmohray et al, 2019). Future studies are needed to determine if similar results would be observed in human bipedal locomotion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…This is consistent with the idea that the motor system forms internal representations of space (Marigold and Drew, 2017) and time (Avraham et al, 2017; Breska and Ivry, 2018; Drew and Marigold, 2015) for predictive motor control. Several behavioral studies suggest separate recalibration of these internal representations of space and time in locomotion because spatial and timing measures exhibit different adaptation rates in the mature motor system (Malone and Bastian, 2010; Darmohray et al, 2019) throughout development (Vasudevan et al, 2011; Patrick et al, 2014) or healthy aging (Sombric et al, 2017). Spatial and temporal recalibration also have distinct generalization patterns across walking environments (Torres-Oviedo and Bastian, 2010; Mariscal et al, 2018) and most importantly, altering the adaptation of spatial features does not modify the adaptation and recalibration of temporal ones, as shown by us and others (Malone et al, 2012; Long et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit control of step timing during split-belt walking reveals interdependent recalibration of movements in space and time

Gonzalez-Rubio

Velasquez

Torres-Oviedo

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

2Split-belt treadmills that move the legs at different speeds are thought to update internal 3 representations of the environment, such that this novel condition generates a new locomotor 4 pattern with distinct spatio-temporal features compared to those of regular walking. It is unclear 5 the degree to which such recalibration of movements in the spatial and temporal domains 6 is interdependent. In this study, we explicitly altered subjects' limb motion in either space or 7 time during split-belt walking to determine its impact on the adaptation of the other domain. 8 Interestingly, we observed that motor adaptation in the spatial domain was susceptible to altering 9 the temporal domain, whereas motor adaptation in the temporal domain was resilient to modifying 10 the spatial domain. This nonreciprocal relation suggests a hierarchical organization such that the 11 control of timing in locomotion has an effect on the control of limb position. This is of translational 12 interest because clinical populations often have a greater deficit in one domain compared to 13 the other. Our results suggest that explicit changes to temporal deficits cannot occur without 14 modifying the spatial control of the limb. 15 16 21representations of the treadmill for the control of the limb in space and time (Malone et al., 2012). There is 22 a clinical interest in understanding the interdependence in the control of these two aspects of movement 23 because pathological gait often has a greater deficiency in one domain compared to the other (Finley et al., 24 2015; Malone and Bastian, 2014). Thus, there is a translational interest to determine if spatial and temporal 25 asymmetries in clinical populations can be targeted and treated independently. 26 Ample evidence supports that the adaptation, and hence control, of spatial and temporal gait features 27 is dissociable. Notably, studies have shown that inter-limb measures such as step timing (temporal) and 28 step position (spatial) adapt at different rates (Sombric et al., 2017; Malone and Bastian, 2010), they 29 exhibit different generalization patterns (Torres-Oviedo and Bastian, 2010), and follow distinct adaptation 30 dynamics throughout development (Vasudevan et al., 2011; Patrick et al., 2014) or healthy aging (Sombric 31 et al., 2017). In addition, several behavioral studies show that subjects' adjustment of spatial metrics 32 can be altered (Malone and Bastian, 2010; Malone et al., 2012; Long et al., 2016) without modifying 33 the adaptation of temporal gait features. However, the opposite has not been demonstrated. For example, 34 altering intra-limb measures (i.e., characterizing single leg motion) of timing such as stance time duration 35 (Afzal et al., 2015; Krishnan et al., 2016) also leads to changes in intra-limb spatial features such as stride 36 lengths. In sum, the spatial and temporal control of the limb is thought to be dissociable, but it remains 37 unclear if the adaptation of internal representations of timing can be altered and what...

show abstract

Spatial and Temporal Locomotor Learning in Mouse Cerebellum

Cited by 120 publications

References 92 publications

People can learn new walking patterns without walking

People can learn new walking patterns without walking

Motorized shoes induce robust sensorimotor adaptation in walking

Explicit control of step timing during split-belt walking reveals interdependent recalibration of movements in space and time

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About