Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurones in visual cortical areas V1 and V2 of the macaque monkey.

Abstract

SUMMARY1. The spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of 148 neurones in the striate cortex, VI, and of 122 neurones in the second visual cortical area, V2, of the macaque monkey were studied using sine-wave gratings of suprathreshold contrast drifting over the receptive field at the preferred orientation and direction.2. Neurones in VI and V2 were selective for different but partially overlapping ranges of the spatial frequency spectrum. At retinal eccentricities of 2-5 deg from the fovea, the spatial frequency preferences for neurones ranged from 0 5 to 8-0 cycles/deg in VI and from 0-2 to 2-1 cycles/deg in V2 and were on average almost 2 octaves lower in V2 than in VI. Spatial frequency full band widths in the two cortical areas were in the range 0 8-3 0 octaves, with a mean value of 1-8 octaves, in the parafoveal representation of both VI and V2, and 1-4 and 1-6 octaves respectively in the foveal representation of VI and V2.3. Most neurones in VI and some in V2 responded well at temporal frequencies up to 5-6-8-0 Hz before their responses dropped off at still higher frequencies. In VI, 68 % ofthe neurones exhibited low-pass temporal tuning characteristics and 32 % were very broadly tuned, with a mean temporal frequency full band width of 2-9 octaves.However, in V2 only 30 % of the neurones showed low-pass temporal selectivity and 70 % of the cells had bandpass temporal characteristics, with a mean full band width of 2-1 octaves. In V2 the minimal overlap of bandpass tuning curves across the temporal frequency spectrum suggests that there are at least two distinct bandpass temporal frequency mechanisms as well as neurones with low-pass temporal frequency tuning at each spatial frequency. K. H. FOSTER AND OTHERS for spatial frequency is essentially independent of the test temporal frequency; however, in V2 there was some tendency for temporal frequency peaks to shift slightly towards lower frequencies when non-optimum values of spatial frequency either above or below the preferred value were tested. 5. Neurones with pronounced directional selectivity were encountered over a wide range of spatial frequencies, although in both cortical areas there was a tendency for an increased incidence of directional selectivity among neurones which were selective for lower spatial frequencies and higher temporal frequencies.6. These results indicate that neurones in VI and V2 span partially overlapping but essentially different ranges of the spatial frequency spectrum yet have similar spatial frequency band widths, whereas neurones in VI and V2 span similar ranges of the temporal frequency spectrum but have different temporal frequency bandpass characteristics. Taken together, neurones in VI and V2 analyse spatially localized subdomains of the visual scene across an extended range of both the spatial frequency and temporal frequency spectrum.

Signals in Macaque Striate Cortical Neurons that Support the Perception of Glass Patterns

“…Not all of the experiments described herein were performed on every cell. In our population of cells, the distribution of orientation bandwidths (mean ϭ 64.5°, SD ϭ 25.9°) and spatial frequency peak (mean ϭ 2.1 c/deg, SD ϭ 1.2 c/deg) and bandwidth (mean ϭ 2.2 octaves, SD ϭ 0.7) were similar to those found by other investigators at the eccentricities of our recorded cells (DeValois et al, 1982;Foster et al, 1985) and to the larger population of neurons recorded in our laboratory for other experiments.…”

“…We chose the parameters to match the shape, orientation, and spatial frequency selectivity of typical simple cells in monkey or cat V1 (DeValois et al, 1982(DeValois et al, , 1985Foster et al, 1985;Jones and Palmer, 1987). Light and dark shading represent sensitivity to light increments and decrements, respectively.…”

A Single Mechanism Can Explain the Speed Tuning Properties of MT and V1 Complex Neurons

“…The magnitudes of both of these functions are good matches (Perrone, 2005) to the temporal frequency tuning functions often observed in V1 neurons (Foster et al, 1985;Hawken et al, 1996). For all of the simulations reported here, ϭ 0.06, ϭ 0.07, and k ϭ 0.25.…”

Image Segmentation Using a Sparse Coding Model of Cortical Area V1

“…It is well known that RF size, in retina and V1, increases with eccentricity from the fovea. However, at any particular location V1 RFs have a small range of spatial frequency preferences (Foster et al, 1985;Gattass and Rosa, 1987;Van Essen et al, 1984), and hence, at each image location processing occurs at a small range of scales. A biologically-plausible multiscale extension to the PC/BC model of V1 is left for future work.…”