Spatial and temporal evolution of the epidemic of charcoal-burning suicide in Japan

Yoshioka, Eiji; Saijo, Yasuaki; Kawachi, Ichiro

doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1172-0

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…For example, ecological research in Austria showed that suicide rates tended to be significantly higher in rural areas than urban areas among people aged 10-24 and 40-64 years, but no such associations were found for the other age groups [14]. In Japan, previous studies have reported that for men, rural residents had a higher suicide risk compared with urban residents, but not for women [23][24][25]. However, almost all of these studies used mortality data for rather large geographic units (e.g., prefecture), and age-specific analyzes have not been fully explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geography of suicide in Japan: spatial patterning and rural–urban differences

Yoshioka

Hanley

Sato

et al. 2020

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose There are notable geographic variations in incidence rates of suicide both in Japan and globally. Previous studies have found that rurality/urbanity shapes intra-regional differences in suicide mortality, and suicide risk associated with rurality can vary significantly by gender and age. This study aimed to examine spatial patterning of and rural–urban differences in suicide mortality by gender and age group across 1887 municipalities in Japan between 2009 and 2017. Methods Suicide data were obtained from suicide statistics of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan. We estimated smoothed standardized mortality ratios for suicide for each of the municipalities and investigated associations with level of rurality/urbanity using Bayesian hierarchical models before and after adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics. Results The results of the multivariate analyses showed that, for males aged 0–39 and 40–59 years, rural residents tended to have a higher suicide risk compared to urban ones. For males aged 60+ years, a distinct rural–urban gradient in suicide risk was not observed. For females aged 0–39 years, a significant association between suicide risk and rurality was not observed, while for females aged 40–59 years and females aged 60 years or above, the association was a U-shaped curve. Conclusion Our results showed that geographical distribution of and rural–urban differences in suicide mortality in Japan differed substantially by gender and age. These findings suggest that it is important to take demographic factors into consideration when municipalities allocate resources for suicide prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geography of suicide in Japan: spatial patterning and rural–urban differences

Yoshioka

Hanley

Sato

et al. 2020

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…In South Korea, the number of suicide deaths by charcoal burning rose from 34 in 2006 to 1,125 in 2012 (Choi et al, 2014). In many cases, the rise in suicide by charcoal burning was associated with an increased overall rate of suicide (Chang et al, , 2010Thomas et al, 2011;Yip et al, 2010;Yoshioka et al, 2016Yoshioka et al, , 2014. People living in urban areas were found to be at higher risk likely because of greater access to both the charcoal itself and media exposures (Chang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide deaths by gas inhalation in Toronto: An observational study of emerging methods of suicide

Sinyor

Williams

Vincent

et al. 2019

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“… 13 16 17 Initially, in also Japan, internet involvement was noted, as young Japanese charcoal-burning suicides were involved in several suicide agreements on charcoal-burning suicides. 13 34 35 In 2005, a voluntary guideline was regulated by associations managing internet provider service in Japan to suppress suicidal attempts via internet 35 without implementation of direct means restrictions against charcoal burning 17 ; however, charcoal-burning suicide continued to increase until 2009. In the present study, municipal DLL and ELM decreased male and female suicide mortalities, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing effects of financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes on methods of suicide completion in Japan between 2009 and 2018 using governmental statistical data

et al. 2021

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Objectives To explore the mechanisms of reduction of suicide mortality in Japan (from 25.7 to 16.5 per 100 000 population) between 2009 and 2018, the present study determined the effects of execution amounts of regional suicide prevention programmes (Emergency Fund to Enhance Community-Based Suicide Countermeasure: EFECBSC) on gender-specific trends of suicide mortality by disaggregated methods. Design and setting Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effects of execution amounts of 10 subdivisions of execution amounts of financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes (EFECBSC) on suicide methods and gender disaggregated suicide mortalities in Japan between 2009 and 2018 using the statistical data obtained from national governmental database. Results The suicide mortalities by the most common/frequent suicide methods, hanging, charcoal burning and jumping were significantly decreased between 2009 and 2018. Male hanging suicide was decreased by prefectural enlightenment, municipal development programmes, but female hanging suicide was decreased by municipal personal consultation programmes. Municipal development and enlightenment programmes decreased male and female charcoal-burning suicide mortalities, respectively. Jumping suicide was decreased by prefectural telephone consultation programmes but was unexpectedly increased by municipal personal consultation and enlightenment programmes. Conclusions This study revealed the contribution of ECEFBSC on reduction of suicide mortalities, especially hanging, charcoal-burning and jumping suicides, via enhancement of regional suicide prevention programmes in Japan; however, notably, the ‘means substitution’ from parts of hanging and charcoal burning to jumping is probably generated by EFECBSC. Therefore, these findings provide important aspects for planning evidence-based and cost-effective regional suicide prevention programmes.

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Spatial and temporal evolution of the epidemic of charcoal-burning suicide in Japan

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Geography of suicide in Japan: spatial patterning and rural–urban differences

Geography of suicide in Japan: spatial patterning and rural–urban differences

Suicide deaths by gas inhalation in Toronto: An observational study of emerging methods of suicide

Analysing effects of financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes on methods of suicide completion in Japan between 2009 and 2018 using governmental statistical data

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