Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Tourism Ecological Security in the Old Revolutionary Region of the Dabie Mountains from 2001 to 2020

Abstract

Tourism ecological security is an important basis for measuring the realization of the “double carbon” goal of regional tourism. Based on the drivers, pressures, state, impact and response model of intervention (DPSIR), an evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in the old revolutionary region of the Dabie Mountains is constructed. The entropy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, spatial variation model, standard deviation ellipse model and gray dynamic model are used to explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the tourism ecological security level in the old revolutionary region of the Dabie Mountains from 2001 to 2020, and to forecast its future spatial development pattern. The study shows that (1) the average value in tourism ecological security in that region is 0.3153. Moreover, the comprehensive index increased from 0.2296 in 2001 to 0.4302 in 2020, which shows a steady improvement. The security status has improved from insecure to critically secure; (2) the number of municipalities that are insecure or relatively insecure in the region is gradually decreasing, while the number of municipalities that are located within critically secure and relatively secure cities and towns in the region is gradually decreasing. Moreover, an increasing number of cities and towns are critically secure and safe, and the whole region is now in the critical transition period between an average to low level to an average to high level of tourism ecological security; (3) the degree of spatial variation in tourism ecological security is increasing, the features of spatial differentiation are more obvious, and the overall spatial pattern of “Hubei > Henan > Anhui” is presented. (4) The spatial distribution pattern for tourism ecological security is “southeast-northwest”, and the spatial distribution range has undergone the process of “convergence to diffusion”. (5) The spatial distribution pattern in tourism ecological security is “southeast-northwest”, and the spatial distribution range has undergone a process of “convergence to diffusion”. This shows expansion toward the southeast that reflects a certain spatial spillover effect and “convergence” toward the northwest, with no obvious spatial spillover effect.

Evaluation of Tourism Ecological Security and Its Driving Mechanism in the Yellow River Basin, China: Based on Open Systems Theory and DPSIR Model

“…The classification of tourism ecological security has not yet formed a unified standard. Referring to the existing classification standards [17,21,28,40], and according to the measurement results of TES, the TES of the YRB were divided into I (Extreme Insecurity), II (Insecurity), III (Relative Insecurity), IV (Critical Insecurity), V (Critical Security), VI (Relative Security), VII (Security), and VIII (Extreme Security) (Figure 3). The second step is to normalize the data.…”

“…The quantitative measures of TES can be divided into two types. On the one hand, from the development level perspective, scholars used the polygon composite indicator method [1], the improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method [40], the entropy weight TOPSIS method [17], the ecological footprint method [47], Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) [48], the catastrophe progression method, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Delphi methods [49] to measure the TES level. On the other hand, from an efficiency perspective, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used to measure the quality of TES [2,27].…”

“…Benitez-Capistros et al [16] confirmed that tourism activities on the Galapagos Islands triggered ecological degradation. Zhao and Guo [17] found that TES in China's old revolutionary region of Dabie Mountain was generally low.…”

“…Practical policy guidance is vital for improving tourism ecological security (TES). Meanwhile, highlevel academic research is also essential because it can provide scientific theoretical and empirical evidence for policy implementation [17,23]. Therefore, the study of TES is urgent and meaningful.…”

Population Mobility and Migration in Villages/Villages in the Context of Rural Revitalization

“…Among them, there is a rural revitalization research team composed of Professor Wan Qing, Dr. Li Gensheng and Dr. Sun Luyun as the main researchers. [3] Relying on the characteristic resources and industries in Dabie Mountain area, especially the construction of "one valley, one belt, one ridge and one reservoir", they deeply integrate the scientific research strength and industrial resources inside and outside the university, and provide research reports and decision support for the development of industries and enterprises in the region to serve the rural industrial revitalization. This team starts to work on the development of existing local natural and agricultural resources, developing local individual resources while actively researching and developing applicable emerging technologies to promote rural and agricultural development.…”