“…1965, 1966, 1978, 1986, 1992, and 1993, which 1963, 1977, 1971, 1970, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1991, 1995, 2003 and 2004. This characterizing droughts, because it requires fewer parameters to calculate and can better reflect drought intensity and duration on different time scales (Yang et al, 2019). SPI has been applied in many fields such as ecology, meteorology, agriculture, water conservancy and so on (Kumar et al, 2021;Javed et al, 2021).…”