Spatial and temporal dynamics of epidemics of the rust fungus <i>Uromyces valerianae</i> on populations of its host <i>Valeriana salina</i>

Ericson, Lars; Burdon, Jeremy J.; Müller, W. J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00384.x

Cited by 268 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…There is a growing literature on the indirect effects of herbivores on community dynamics as mediated by altered rates and patterns of nutrient cycling (43)(44)(45). The roles of pathogens (46) and mycorrhizae (47) in vegetation dynamics are also attracting increasing attention.…”

Section: Successional Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Studies of Vegetation Dynamics

Rees¹,

Condit

Crawley³

et al. 2001

Science

499

458

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By integrating a wide range of experimental, comparative, and theoretical approaches, ecologists are starting to gain a detailed understanding of the long-term dynamics of vegetation. We explore how patterns of variation in demographic traits among species have provided insight into the processes that structure plant communities. We find a common set of mechanisms, derived from ecological and evolutionary principles, that underlie the main forces shaping systems as diverse as annual plant communities and tropical forests. Trait variation between species maintains diversity and has important implications for ecosystem processes. Hence, greater understanding of how Earth's vegetation functions will likely require integration of ecosystem science with ideas from plant evolutionary, population, and community ecology.The past decade has seen the emergence of a new synthesis in plant ecology that draws together a variety of once disparate approaches in studies of vegetation dynamics. Questions about the determinants of plant life histories, species composition, diversity, productivity, and stability-previously considered separate areas of inquiry-have become increasingly closely integrated. Findings from long-term experimental and observational studies, combined with comparative and theoretical work, have helped synthesize the questions and approaches of evolutionary ecology, population ecology, and ecosystem ecology. The link has come from the realization that many of the same environmental constraints and organismal tradeoffs that shape the evolution of plant morphologies, life histories, and physiologies also influence the dynamics of interspecific interactions and the mechanisms of coexistence that control community and ecosystem functioning (1-3). We provide a brief tour of the developments in vegetation science, highlighting areas where known patterns of variation in demographic rates between species have provided insights into the structure, dynamics, and functioning of plant communities.

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Section: Successional Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Studies of Vegetation Dynamics

Rees¹,

Condit

Crawley³

et al. 2001

Science

499

458

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“…In a number of interactions involving rusts and smuts, considerable asynchrony in pathogen dynamics has been observed in neighboring plant populations (Antonovics et al 1994;Thrall and Antonovics 1995;Ericson et al 1999). To a much lesser extent, information has accumulated showing differences in the resistance structure of a few, mostly widely dispersed, host populations and in the virulence structure of co-occurring pathogen populations Jarosz and Burdon 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence from studies of the Silene spp.-Ustilago violacea system has shown the importance of population size (Carlsson and Elmqvist 1992;Antonovics et al 1997) and isolation as factors affecting extinction and colonization rates for both host and pathogen (Antonovics et al 1994;Thrall and Antonovics 1995). Similarly, population size and distance to nearest infected neighbors influences disease dynamics in the interactions occurring between Filipendula ulmaria and Triphragmium ulmariae and Valeriana salina and Uromyces valerianae (Ericson et al 1999). A common feature in all these studies is asynchrony in disease prevalence between adjacent host populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

RESISTANCE AND VIRULENCE STRUCTURE IN TWOLINUM MARGINALE-MELAMPSORA LINIHOST-PATHOGEN METAPOPULATIONS WITH DIFFERENT MATING SYSTEMS

1999

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Abstract.-Different patterns of resistance to six pathotypes of Melampsora lini were detected in 11 populations of Linum marginale distributed across two metapopulations. The two metapopulations (mountains and plains of New South Wales, Australia) differed in the annual cycle of disease development, which barely overlapped, and in the growth cycle and mating system of the host. Host populations in the mountains metapopulation were highly inbred, whereas those on the plains showed appreciable levels of outcrossing. Within each metapopulation there was significant variation among component populations in (1) levels of host resistance to individual pathogen isolates; (2) mean levels of resistance to all six isolates; (3) the number of resistance phenotypes present and the evenness of their distribution within the population; and (4) the average number of pathogen lines to which individual hosts were resistant. A more limited comparison of pathogen populations from the two metapopulations (two from each) found greater similarities in the structure of populations and particular virulence frequencies within, rather than among, the two metapopulations. Differences in host outcrossing rates between the two metapopulations are reflected in marked differences in the overall level of resistance, its partitioning within and among populations, the number and distribution of resistance phenotypes in the two areas, and the level of polymorphism for specific virulence factors in the pathogen, with the plains meta population showing consistently higher values. However, these differences were not significant. In general, variation for all parameters was just as great among populations within a metapopulation as between the two metapopulations.

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“…Despite the long intercropping season, D. pinodes populations from winter and spring pea crops display high, but similar, genetic variability. In contrast to other natural plant-pathogen associations, a high rate of annual extinction is not observed (36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Population turnover is thus likely to be driven by both local selection and demographic stochasticity due to seasonal population growth and decline.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Aggressiveness Changes in Populations of Didymella pinodes over Winter and Spring Pea Cropping Seasons

Laloi

Montarry

Guibert

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Ascochyta blight, caused by the necrotrophic ascomycete Didymella pinodes, is responsible for severe losses in winter and spring pea crops. Despite different climatic conditions, epidemics on winter and spring crops are due to a single population of D. pinodes, suggesting gene flow either between the two crops or from reservoir sources during the cropping season. This should lead to similar pathogenicity characteristics in isolates sampled from the two crops. However, these hypotheses have never been formally tested. We therefore sampled a total of 520 D. pinodes strains throughout a growing season from winter and spring pea plots (WP and SP, respectively) and from winter and spring trap plants (TWP and TSP). Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers revealed high genetic diversity within subpopulations, whereas pathogenicity tests showed that mean aggressiveness increases over the course of an epidemic. These results support the idea that alloinoculum contributes to the carryover of epidemics between winter and spring crops and that the most aggressive isolates are selected as an epidemic progresses. IMPORTANCEAscochyta blight, caused by Didymella pinodes, is responsible for severe losses in pea crops. While previous studies have shown that ascochyta blight epidemics on winter and spring crops are due to a single population of D. pinodes, suggesting that isolates from the two crops present similar pathogenicity characteristics, that hypothesis have never been tested. Genetic analysis of subpopulations sampled throughout a growing season from winter and spring pea plots revealed high genetic diversity within subpopulations, whereas pathogenicity tests showed that mean aggressiveness increases over the course of an epidemic.T he spatiotemporal dynamics of crop diseases are simultaneously impacted by pathogens, host plants, the environment, and human activities (1, 2). Indeed, whether or not hosts and pathogens interact is determined largely by spatial and temporal components of host and pathogen life history traits (3, 4). These interactions can thus be conceptualized as a continuous sequence of biological cycles, including dormancy, growth, reproduction, dispersal, and pathogenesis (5).Gene flow, resulting from pathogen reproduction and dispersal, can drastically increase the extent to which pathogen epidemics spread across a landscape (6). As such, it is a main factor in the transmission of disease to previously uninfected areas and drives the spatial structure of pathogen populations in fragmented landscapes by influencing the long-term survival and genetic composition of populations (7-9). Individual dispersal events, occurring over periods of days or weeks during both the cropping and intercropping seasons (2), originate from a large number of potential inoculum sources: resting structures in soil (mycelium, oospores, chlamydospores, or sclerotia), infested stubble left on the soil surface, infested seed, and alternative hosts (wild or cultivated plants, including volunteers). The degree ...

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Spatial and temporal dynamics of epidemics of the rust fungus Uromyces valerianae on populations of its host Valeriana salina

Cited by 268 publications

References 19 publications

Long-Term Studies of Vegetation Dynamics

Long-Term Studies of Vegetation Dynamics

RESISTANCE AND VIRULENCE STRUCTURE IN TWOLINUM MARGINALE-MELAMPSORA LINIHOST-PATHOGEN METAPOPULATIONS WITH DIFFERENT MATING SYSTEMS

Aggressiveness Changes in Populations of Didymella pinodes over Winter and Spring Pea Cropping Seasons

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