Spatial and temporal distributions of enteric viruses and indicators in a lake receiving municipal wastewater treatment plant discharge

Hata, Akihiko; Shirasaka, Yuya; Ihara, Masaru; Yamashita, Naoyuki; Tanaka, Hiroaki

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146607

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…There are few studies that have analyzed the distribution of enteric viruses in environmental samples over long periods of time [ 12 , 36 , 37 ], and particularly in sewage [ 7 , 13 , 34 ]. The viral concentrations obtained over ten months and distributed across the study by season are represented in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsid Integrity Detection of Enteric Viruses in Reclaimed Waters

Puchades-Colera,

Díaz-Reolid,

Girón-Guzmán

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Climate change, unpredictable weather patterns, and droughts are depleting water resources in some parts of the globe, where recycling and reusing wastewater is a strategy for different purposes. To counteract this, the EU regulation for water reuse sets minimum requirements for the use of reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation, including a reduction in human enteric viruses. In the present study, the occurrence of several human enteric viruses, including the human norovirus genogroup I (HuNoV GI), HuNoV GII, and rotavirus (RV), along with viral fecal contamination indicator crAssphage was monitored by using (RT)-qPCR methods on influent wastewater and reclaimed water samples. Moreover, the level of somatic coliphages was also determined as a culturable viral indicator. To assess the potential viral infectivity, an optimization of a capsid integrity PMAxx-RT-qPCR method was performed on sewage samples. Somatic coliphages were present in 60% of the reclaimed water samples, indicating inefficient virus inactivation. Following PMAxx-RT-qPCR optimization, 66% of the samples tested positive for at least one of the analyzed enteric viruses, with concentrations ranging from 2.79 to 7.30 Log10 genome copies (gc)/L. Overall, most of the analyzed reclaimed water samples did not comply with current EU legislation and contained potential infectious viral particles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsid Integrity Detection of Enteric Viruses in Reclaimed Waters

Puchades-Colera,

Díaz-Reolid,

Girón-Guzmán

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…Apparently, the concentration of fecal viruses decreases significantly with distance from the WWTP discharge point due to the dilution of the treated effluent flow by the lake water. As previously noted, viruses may spread over a large space from the discharge point [74]. However, when some of the virus particles reach a water body via wastewater, they degrade, disperse, and accumulate in hydrobionts, for instance, in mollusks [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

RNA-Seq Virus Fraction in Lake Baikal and Treated Wastewaters

Potapov

Gorshkova

Krasnopeev

et al. 2023

IJMS

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In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomes of RNA and DNA viruses from the oligotrophic water of Lake Baikal and the effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharged into the lake from the towns of Severobaikalsk and Slyudyanka located on the lake shores. Given the uniqueness and importance of Lake Baikal, the issues of biodiversity conservation and the monitoring of potential virological hazards to hydrobionts and humans are important. Wastewater treatment plants discharge treated effluent directly into the lake. In this context, the identification and monitoring of allochthonous microorganisms entering the lake play an important role. Using high-throughput sequencing methods, we found that dsDNA-containing viruses of the class Caudoviricetes were the most abundant in all samples, while Leviviricetes (ssRNA(+) viruses) dominated the treated water samples. RNA viruses of the families Nodaviridae, Tombusviridae, Dicitroviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Botourmiaviridae, Marnaviridae, Solemoviridae, and Endornavirida were found in the pelagic zone of three lake basins. Complete or nearly complete genomes of RNA viruses belonging to such families as Dicistroviridae, Marnaviridae, Blumeviridae, Virgaviridae, Solspiviridae, Nodaviridae, and Fiersviridae and the unassigned genus Chimpavirus, as well as unclassified picorna-like viruses, were identified. In general, the data of sanitary/microbiological and genetic analyses showed that WWTPs inadequately purify the discharged water, but, at the same time, we did not observe viruses pathogenic to humans in the pelagic zone of the lake.

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“…The fragments of genetic material may be transferred along with F-plasmid, resulting in horizontal gene transfer, thereby transmitting genes (pathogenicity, metabolic properties, or antimicrobial resistance linked) among the bacteria across the water distribution network (Maganha de Almeida Kumlien et al, 2021 ). Few studies have reported the use of strain level monitoring in microbial source tracking (Hartard et al, 2016 ; Fauvel et al, 2017 ; Lee et al, 2019 ; Hata et al, 2021 ) as differentiating the F + strains remains challenging and labor intensive.…”

Section: Coliphage Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coliphages as viral indicators of sanitary significance for drinking water

2022

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Coliphages are virus that infect coliform bacteria and are used in aquatic systems for risk assessment for human enteric viruses. This mini-review appraises the types and sources of coliphage and their fate and behavior in source waters and engineered drinking water treatment systems. Somatic (cell wall infection) and F+ (male specific) coliphages are abundant in drinking water sources and are used as indicators of fecal contamination. Coliphage abundances do not consistently correlate to human enteric virus abundance, but they suitably reflect the risks of exposure to human enteric viruses. Coliphages have highly variable surface characteristics with respect to morphology, size, charge, isoelectric point, and hydrophobicity which together interact to govern partitioning and removal characteristics during water treatment. The groups somatic and F+ coliphages are valuable for investigating the virus elimination during water treatment steps and as indicators for viral water quality assessment. Strain level analyses (e.g., Qβ or GA-like) provide more information about specific sources of viral pollution but are impractical for routine monitoring. Consistent links between rapid online monitoring tools (e.g., turbidity, particle counters, and flow cytometry) and phages in drinking water have yet to be established but are recommended as a future area of research activity. This could enable the real-time monitoring of virus and improve the process understanding during transient operational events. Exciting future prospects for the use of coliphages in aquatic microbiology are also discussed based on current scientific evidence and practical needs.

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Spatial and temporal distributions of enteric viruses and indicators in a lake receiving municipal wastewater treatment plant discharge

Cited by 11 publications

References 84 publications

Capsid Integrity Detection of Enteric Viruses in Reclaimed Waters

Capsid Integrity Detection of Enteric Viruses in Reclaimed Waters

RNA-Seq Virus Fraction in Lake Baikal and Treated Wastewaters

Coliphages as viral indicators of sanitary significance for drinking water

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