Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Odorant-Evoked Activity in the Piriform Cortex

Rennaker, Robert L.; Chen, Chien Fu F; Ruyle, A.M.; Sloan, Andrew M.; Wilson, Donald A.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4072-06.2007

Cited by 188 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…This matches well with what have been reported from the aPCX of anesthetized animals (Wilson, 2001;Rennaker et al, 2007;Yoshida and Mori, 2007;Poo and Isaacson, 2009;Stettler and Axel, 2009;Isaacson, 2010). Several studies have shown that piriform cortical neurons can be activated by structurally dissimilar odorants (Rennaker et al, 2007;Yoshida and Mori, 2007;Poo and Isaacson, 2009). Similarly, both type I PNs and GABAergic neurons in the aPCX of awake mice are excited by odorants belonging to different chemical groups.…”

Section: Odor Representation By Functionally Heterogeneous Populationsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…At ϳ300 ms after the opening of final solenoid valve, vigorous firing of action potentials were evoked during the entire period of odorant application (2 s). The spike firing was rhythmic at 4 -5 Hz, suggesting activity coupled to respiratory cycles (Wilson, 1998;Litaudon et al, 2003;Rennaker et al, 2007). Moreover, the responses were reliable across multiple consecutive trials when the same odorant was presented (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Consistently, mitral/tufted cells respond selectively to odorants that activate their presynaptic OSNs, with their tuning further sharpened by lateral inhibition (Yokoi et al, 1995;Mori et al, 1999;Tan et al, 2010). In contrast to the discrete spatial activation patterns in the bulb, individual odorants activate a unique ensemble of neurons that appear to be sparsely and randomly distributed across the piriform cortex (Illig and Haberly, 2003;Rennaker et al, 2007;Stettler and Axel, 2009).…”

Section: Odor Representation By Functionally Heterogeneous Populationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Studies show that an odorant activates neurons sparsely distributed across the PCX without an obvious spatial pattern (Illig and Haberly, 2003;Stettler and Axel, 2009). Moreover, both calcium imaging and electrophysiological recordings reveal that individual PCX neurons can respond to structurally dissimilar odorants (Wilson, 2000(Wilson, , 2001Rennaker et al, 2007;Yoshida and Mori, 2007;Poo and Isaacson, 2009;Stettler and Axel, 2009). The interpretation of previous observations is limited by two key technical concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diverse Patterns of Odor Representation by Neurons in the Anterior Piriform Cortex of Awake Mice

Zhan¹,

Luo²

2010

J. Neurosci.

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The mammalian piriform cortex receives direct synaptic input from the olfactory bulb and is likely the locus for the formation of odor percept. It remains unclear how individual cortical neurons encode olfactory information in unanesthetized animals. By single-cell recordings from head-restrained awake mice, we studied the odor response profiles of individual neurons in the anterior piriform cortex (aPCX). Neurons were juxtacellularly labeled, and their cell types were determined by their morphology and neurotransmitter phenotypes. We found a considerable level of variability in selectivity patterns among pyramidal neurons (PNs). Approximately one-quarter of PNs were broadly activated by structurally dissimilar odorants, whereas the excitations to the rest of PNs were highly selective. Broad inhibition was only observed from a subpopulation of PNs. GABAergic neurons displayed nonselective excitatory responses to test odorants and rarely exhibited inhibition. In contrast, non-GABAergic nonpyramidal neurons in the deep layer tended to be strongly inhibited by multiple different odorants. Our findings suggest that odor representation is accomplished by both broadly tuned and narrow-tuned PNs in the aPCX of awake animals. In addition, various types of interneurons may play different roles in the intracortical processing of olfactory information.

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Section: Odor Representation By Functionally Heterogeneous Populationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Odor Representation By Functionally Heterogeneous Populationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diverse Patterns of Odor Representation by Neurons in the Anterior Piriform Cortex of Awake Mice

Zhan¹,

Luo²

2010

J. Neurosci.

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“…Olfactory receptors are broadly selective (Katada S et al, 2005), albeit species differences have been reported (Rawson NE et al, 1997), and respond together in a combinatorial way (Rennaker RL et al, 2007;Zou Z, Buck LB, 2006). It is, then, important to complement experiments that use molecular, cellular, and tissue approaches with those that use systemintegrated behavioral approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human olfactory detection of homologous n-alcohols measured via concentration–response functions

Cometto‐Muñiz

Abraham

2008

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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We explored in humans concentration-detection functions for the odor of the homologous n-alcohols ethanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-octanol. These functions serve to establish structure-activity relationships, and reflect the pharmacology of the olfactory sense at the behavioral level. We tested groups of 14 to 17 subjects (half of them females), averaging 31 to 35 years old. An 8-station vapor delivery device (VDD8) presented the stimulus under a three-alternative forced-choice procedure against carbon-filtered air. The VDD8 was built to meet the demands of typical human sniffs in a short-term (<5 sec) olfactory detection task, and to accurately control odorant generation, delivery, and stability. Actual stimulus concentration was quantified by gas chromatography before and during testing. The functions obtained were log normally distributed and were accurately modeled by a sigmoid (logistic) function, both at the group and at the individual level. Sensitivity to ethanol was the lowest and to 1-octanol the highest. Functions became steeper with increasing carbon chain length. For all alcohols the concentration detected halfway between chance and perfect detection (threshold) was at the ppb (or nM) level. Females were slightly more sensitive than males. Intersubject variability across participants was between one and two orders of magnitude. The present odor thresholds were lower than many reported in the past but their relative pattern across alcohols paralleled that in our earlier data and in compilation studies. A previously described quantitative structure-activity relationship for odor potency holds promise to model thresholds that, like those obtained here, best reflect the intrinsic sensitivity of human olfaction.

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Olfaction: Central Processing

McGann¹

2013

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Olfactory receptor neurons in the nasal epithelium detect a huge variety of airborne chemicals (termed ‘odourants’) and encode information about these stimuli in the form of action potentials. This code is then transmitted to the brain, where spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity represent the identity, concentration and temporal dynamics of the odourants. Neural processing of olfactory information at multiple levels in the brain mediates odour recognition, synthetic olfactory perceptions and provides feedback control to the initial stages of the olfactory pathway. This article presents some of the challenges in olfactory information processing and then reviews our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex represent odours and analyse olfactory information. Key Concepts: The chemical identity of an odourant is represented by the set of ORNs it stimulates and determines the odour's perceived quality. The concentration of an odourant is represented jointly by the amplitude of the ORN response and the recruitment of ORNs expressing lower affinity receptors; this determines the odour's perceived intensity. Each olfactory bulb glomerulus receives axonal projections from a set of ORNs expressing the same odour receptor. An odour stimulates a subset of ORNs (based on their odour receptor expression) and thus drives activity in a corresponding subset of olfactory bulb glomeruli – this odour‐to‐glomerulus mapping is one of the most accessible codes in the nervous system. Activity in olfactory bulb glomeruli is determined by a complex set of interactions among ORN sensory inputs, interneurons within and between glomeruli and modulatory inputs from other brain regions. The set of mitral cells responding during odour presentation represents the chemical identity of the odour, whereas their firing frequency and timing provides additional information about the odour concentration. Activity in mitral cells is shaped by complex interactions with inhibitory granule cells that interconnect mitral cells receiving disparate sensory input. Neurons in piriform cortex respond to specific combinations of input from mitral cells in the olfactory bulb, thus selectively responding to certain odours or combinations of odours.

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Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Odorant-Evoked Activity in the Piriform Cortex

Cited by 188 publications

References 51 publications

Diverse Patterns of Odor Representation by Neurons in the Anterior Piriform Cortex of Awake Mice

Diverse Patterns of Odor Representation by Neurons in the Anterior Piriform Cortex of Awake Mice

Human olfactory detection of homologous n-alcohols measured via concentration–response functions

Olfaction: Central Processing

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