Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Nutrient and Phytoplankton Dynamics in the York River Estuary, Virginia: Analyses of Long-Term Data

Sin, Yongsik; Wetzel, Richard L.; Anderson, Iris C.

doi:10.2307/1352982

Cited by 124 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…Bacterial production has been found to increase with decreasing salinity (Koepfler 1989;Schultz 1999), and it is directly related to temperature, with production rates being three-fold greater in warm than in cold months (Koepfler 1989). Phytoplankton exhibit distinct winter/spring blooms in the mesohaline portions of the York system and smaller summer blooms in the upper York (Sin et al 1999). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the York, on the basis of a k of 4.7 cm h Ϫ1 and an average depth of 7 m, 50% equilibration with the atmosphere occurs approximately every 6 d. The flushing time of the York is 1-2 months (Sin et al 1999), and therefore, most CO 2 lost to the atmosphere must be balanced by an internal source.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ancillary data collected in the York are consistent with the hypothesis that marked heterotrophy in the upper estuary is partially responsible for spatial variations in pCO 2 . In the upper York where CO 2 is supersaturated, phytoplankton are light-limited (Sin et al 1999), and bacterial production is greatest (Schultz 1999). The combination of these two factors in conjunction with high rates of marsh respiration in the upper York (Neubauer et al 2000) favor net heterotrophy, the accumulation of pCO 2 , and high rates of CO 2 evasion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric CO₂ evasion, dissolved inorganic carbon production, and net heterotrophy in the York River estuary

Raymond

Bauer

Cole

2000

Limnology & Oceanography

262

182

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Direct measurements of the partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were made over a 2-yr period in surface waters of the York River estuary in Virginia. The pCO 2 in surface waters exceeded that in the overlying atmosphere, indicating that the estuary was a net source of CO 2 to the atmosphere at most times and locations. Salinity-based DIC mixing curves indicate there was also an internal source of both DIC and alkalinity, implying net alkalinity generation within the estuary. The DIC and alkalinity source displayed seasonal patterns similar to that of pCO 2 and were reproducible over a 2-yr study period.We propose that the source of inorganic carbon necessary for both the sustained CO 2 evasion to the atmosphere and the advective export of DIC is respiration in excess of primary production (e.g., net heterotrophy). The rates of CO 2 evasion and DIC export were estimated to provide an annual rate of net heterotrophy of ϳ100 g C m Ϫ2 yrϪ1 . Approximately 40% of this excess inorganic carbon production was exported as DIC to the coastal ocean, whereas 60% was lost as CO 2 evasion to the atmosphere. The alkalinity generation needed to sustain the export of inorganic carbon, as HCO 3 Ϫ , is most likely provided by net sulfate reduction in sediments. Accumulation of sulfide in the sediments of a representative site directly adjacent to the York River estuary is sufficient to account for the net export of alkalinity. The seasonality of net heterotrophy causes large variations in annual CO 2 and DIC concentrations, and it stresses the need for comprehensive temporal data sets when reporting annual rates of CO 2 evasion, DIC advection, and net heterotrophy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric CO₂ evasion, dissolved inorganic carbon production, and net heterotrophy in the York River estuary

Raymond

Bauer

Cole

2000

Limnology & Oceanography

262

182

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“…During low river discharge, salt water intrusion is maximized, favoring connectivity between the estuary and the marine environment, and residence time is prolonged, which allows phytoplankton biomass to accumulate. During high river discharge, estuarine residence time decreases, flushing phytoplankton seaward and suppressing its production (Sin et al 1999, Branco & Kremer 2005.…”

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High river discharge can limit phytoplankton availability, production, and accumulation by increasing allochthonous C loadings, reducing light penetration, and decreasing residence time (Sin et al 1999). During high discharge, the chl a concentration values were ~1 µg l −1 , one-third of the concentration determined in August 2011.…”

Section: Role Of River Dischargementioning

confidence: 99%

Estuarine consumers utilize marine, estuarine and terrestrial organic matter and provide connectivity among these food webs

Dias¹,

Morais²,

Cotter³

et al. 2016

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The flux of organic matter (OM) across ecosystem boundaries can influence estuarine food web dynamics and productivity. However, this process is seldom investigated taking into account all the adjacent ecosystems (e.g. ocean, river, land) and different hydrological settings (i.e. river discharge). Therefore, we aimed to quantify the contribution of autochthonous and allochthonous OM to the lower food web along the estuarine salinity gradient, under different river discharge conditions. The carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope ratios of pelagic (zooplankton) and benthic (Corbicula fluminea) primary consumers indicated that they rely on a mixture of autochthonous and allochthonous OM, including terrestrial-derived OM. Unexpectedly, the highest contribution of terrestrial-derived OM to the estuarine food web was observed during a low river discharge period (up to 70%), that succeeded a large winter flood, showing that extreme weather events may produce prolonged effects on estuarine food webs. The contribution of marine-derived OM was higher during low river discharge periods (up to 88%) and was restricted to the seaward end of the estuary. Concomitantly, the contribution of phytoplankton to primary consumers was the highest observed (up to 91%). Further, both pelagic and benthic consumers also relied on benthic C (i.e. sediment OM and microphytobenthos). This study demonstrates that primary consumers enhance connectivity between estuarine ecosystems by utilizing subsidies of terrestrial and marine origin, and also between estuarine habitats through reliance on pelagic and benthic OM.

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Marine toxins and climate change: the case of PSP from cyanobacteria in coastal lagoons

et al. 2015

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Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Nutrient and Phytoplankton Dynamics in the York River Estuary, Virginia: Analyses of Long-Term Data

Cited by 124 publications

References 50 publications

Atmospheric CO₂ evasion, dissolved inorganic carbon production, and net heterotrophy in the York River estuary

Atmospheric CO₂ evasion, dissolved inorganic carbon production, and net heterotrophy in the York River estuary

Estuarine consumers utilize marine, estuarine and terrestrial organic matter and provide connectivity among these food webs

Marine toxins and climate change: the case of PSP from cyanobacteria in coastal lagoons

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Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Nutrient and Phytoplankton Dynamics in the York River Estuary, Virginia: Analyses of Long-Term Data

Cited by 124 publications

References 50 publications

Atmospheric CO2 evasion, dissolved inorganic carbon production, and net heterotrophy in the York River estuary

Atmospheric CO2 evasion, dissolved inorganic carbon production, and net heterotrophy in the York River estuary

Estuarine consumers utilize marine, estuarine and terrestrial organic matter and provide connectivity among these food webs

Marine toxins and climate change: the case of PSP from cyanobacteria in coastal lagoons

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Product

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Atmospheric CO₂ evasion, dissolved inorganic carbon production, and net heterotrophy in the York River estuary

Atmospheric CO₂ evasion, dissolved inorganic carbon production, and net heterotrophy in the York River estuary