Spatial and temporal changes in mangrove cover across the protected and unprotected forests of India

Jayanthi, M.; Thirumurthy, S.; Nagaraj, G.; Muralidhar, M.; Palaniappan, Ravichandran

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2018.08.016

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Tropical protected areas reduced deforestation which was liable for around one-tenth of total anthropogenic carbon emissions, thus playing a significant role in mitigating the effects of climate change and protecting biodiversity and ecosystem services [67]. Similarly, a total loss of 15.4% in the unprotected mangrove cover was compensated by the 15.7% rise in the protected mangrove cover (protected by government as per Ramsar Convention) which resulted in a net increase of 13.3% in mangrove cover across India in the last 25 years [68]. Implementation of forest certification can be among one of the strategies to control deforestation around the world.…”

Section: Mitigation Measures To Curb Deforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deforestation in India: Consequences and Sustainable Solutions

Kumari¹,

Banerjee²,

Kumar³

et al. 2020

Forest Degradation Around the World

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Deforestation is one of the most pressing environmental issues that the world is facing currently. It is the conversion of forested land to non-forested land by humans. Deforestation occurs when a land dominated by naturally occurring trees is converted to provide certain services in response to the human demand. The indiscriminate felling of trees has resulted in a reduction of 3.16% in the global forest cover from 1990 to 2015. Although India has seen an increment in the total forest cover of ca. 1%, still there are certain regions in the country that have sought a decrease in the forest cover. The main reasons attributed to the reduction in forest cover are shifting cultivation, rotational felling, other biotic pressures, diversion of forest lands for developmental activities, etc. Continuous illicit cutting of trees has impacted the microclimatic conditions, hydrological cycle, soil quality, biodiversity, etc. of the country, thereby making the country more vulnerable for any uneventful happening. Sustainable forest management practices, alternatives for shifting cultivation, promotion of plantation outside the forest and the usage of certified forest products, etc. are some of the measures that can be adopted to curb the rate of deforestation.

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Section: Mitigation Measures To Curb Deforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deforestation in India: Consequences and Sustainable Solutions

Kumari¹,

Banerjee²,

Kumar³

et al. 2020

Forest Degradation Around the World

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“…In terms of the proportion of mangrove forests being protected, China has achieved the conservation target of "Nature Needs Half" [8]. Due to strict protection and large-scale restoration, China is one of a very few countries in the world with a recent net increase in mangrove area [23,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Strict Protection Stop the Decline of Mangrove Ecosystems in China? From Rapid Destruction to Rampant Degradation

Wang

Lee

et al. 2020

Forests

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China has lost about 50% of its mangrove forests from 1950 to 2001. Since 2001, mangrove forest area has increased by 1.8% per year due to strict protection of the remaining mangrove forests and large-scale restoration. By 2019, 67% of the mangrove forests in China had been enclosed within protected areas (PAs). In terms of the proportion of PAs of mangrove forests, China has achieved the conservation target of “Nature Needs Half”. The ongoing degradation of mangrove forests was assessed at the species, population, community and ecosystem levels. The results show that despite the strict protection, the remaining mangrove forests are suffering extensive degradation due to widespread anthropogenic disturbance. Of the 26 mangrove species, 50% are threatened with extinction, a proportion higher than the average for all higher plants in China (10.8%). Local extinction of some common species like Bruguiera gymnorhiza is widespread. About 53% of the existing mangrove areas were dominated by low-intertidal pioneer species. Consequently, the carbon stock in vegetation has decreased by 53.1%, from 21.8 Tg C in the 1950s to 10.2 Tg C in 2019. Meanwhile, there is an estimated 10.8% concomitant decrease in the carbon sequestration rate. The root cause for this degradation in China is seawall construction because most mangroves are outside seawalls in China. Without fundamental changes in protection and restoration strategies, mangrove forests in China will continue to degrade in spite of strict protection and large-scale restoration. Future mangrove conservation effort should aim to preserve the diversity of both the biota and the ecological processes sustaining the mangrove ecosystem. A few suggestions to raise the effectiveness of mangrove conservation actions were provided.

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“…However the FSI provides a comprehensive breakdown of change dynamics in each of the 12 coastal states, and furthermore dynamics for coastal districts within these states. FSI [55] cite widespread plantation efforts (also noted by Jayanthi et al [54]) and natural regeneration as factors driving notable mangrove extent increases across five states. This upward trend is echoed by Jayanthi et al [54], who used Landsat TM and ETM+ scenes to assess mangrove change in the ten largest mangrove forests in India between 1989 and 2013.…”

Section: Comparison Of Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FSI [55] cite widespread plantation efforts (also noted by Jayanthi et al [54]) and natural regeneration as factors driving notable mangrove extent increases across five states. This upward trend is echoed by Jayanthi et al [54], who used Landsat TM and ETM+ scenes to assess mangrove change in the ten largest mangrove forests in India between 1989 and 2013. Mangrove extent across the ten forests was estimated as increasing by 13.2%.…”

Section: Comparison Of Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some mangrove areas remain relatively intact, owing to characteristics such as remoteness and inaccessibility, or protected status [53]. Some mangrove areas are even increasing in extent following successful reforestation initiatives and/or natural gain [54,55]. Within this region, sub-regions and countries experiencing relatively substantial loss (i.e., mangrove deforestation hotspots) warrant closer attention and intervention (i.e., loss mitigation activities).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying Mangrove Deforestation Hotspots in South Asia, Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific

Gandhi

Jones

2019

Remote Sensing

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Mangroves inhabit highly productive inter-tidal ecosystems in >120 countries in the tropics and subtropics providing critical goods and services to coastal communities and contributing to global climate change mitigation owing to substantial carbon stocks. Despite their importance, global mangrove distribution continues to decline primarily due to anthropogenic drivers which vary by region/country. South Asia, Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific contain approximately 46% of the world’s mangrove ecosystems, including the most biodiverse mangrove forests. This region also exhibits the highest global rates of mangrove loss. Remotely sensed data provides timely and accurate information on mangrove distribution and dynamics critical for targeting loss hotspots and guiding intervention. This report inventories, describes and compares all known single- and multi-date remotely sensed datasets with regional coverage and provides areal mangrove extents by country. Multi-date datasets were used to estimate dynamics and identify loss hotspots (i.e., countries that exhibit greatest proportional loss). Results indicate Myanmar is the primary mangrove loss hotspot, exhibiting 35% loss from 1975–2005 and 28% between 2000–2014. Rates of loss in Myanmar were four times the global average from 2000–2012. The Philippines is additionally identified as a loss hotspot, with secondary hotspots including Malaysia, Cambodia and Indonesia. This information helps inform and guide mangrove conservation, restoration and managed-use within the region.

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Spatial and temporal changes in mangrove cover across the protected and unprotected forests of India

Cited by 38 publications

References 46 publications

Deforestation in India: Consequences and Sustainable Solutions

Deforestation in India: Consequences and Sustainable Solutions

Can Strict Protection Stop the Decline of Mangrove Ecosystems in China? From Rapid Destruction to Rampant Degradation

Identifying Mangrove Deforestation Hotspots in South Asia, Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific

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