Spatial and temporal assessment of groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical processes in Urmia Lake Basin, Iran

Abstract

The evaluation of groundwater quality and geochemistry have an important role in the management of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. In the present study, the spatio-temporal assessment of groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical processes, as well as, statistical analyses in the Azarshahr and Ajabshir planes located in the Urmia Lake basin were investigated. The results revealed that within six years (from 2014 to 2019), the value of total hardness was higher than the permissible level and the quality of groundwater for drinking was very hard and fresh in both planes. In 2019, 84 and 67% of the samples fell within the range of good to poor groundwater quality in the Azarshahr and Ajabshir planes, respectively. The temporal assessment with the help of water quality index values for both planes revealed a good groundwater quality for the Azarshahr plane and a good to poor groundwater quality for the Ajabshir plane. However, deterioration of water quality was observed in both planes from 2014 to 2019. The level of water quality for irrigation was better in the Azarshahr plane than in the Ajabshir plane, due to the presence of fewer salty sites. In addition, Ca–Mg–HCO3 and rock dominance were identified as hydrochemical facies and controlling factor in the groundwater of both planes, respectively. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated both natural and anthropogenic sources (such as weathering, fertilizers, and wastewater) for hydrochemical parameters. It was suggested to develop a comprehensive regulation to control the entry of pollutants into the groundwater of the study area.

Determination of the effect of soil and irrigation water quality on total chlorophyll, carbohydrates, and proteins values in cress, parsley, celery, and basil plants.

“…The irrigation water quality index was estimated using the Sub-index WQI [17,18] and soil quality index estimates according to [19]. The analysis of variance test (ANOVA) was calculated used the SPSS program (version 26) and Duncan's test(p≤0.05).…”

Coupled effect of seawater intrusion on groundwater quality: study of South-West zone of Surat city

“…Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) is a simple method that uses the maximal values of various water quality variables to provide results that are easy to understand (Sharma & Patel 2010). However, one of the major problems with conventional WQIs (for both surface and groundwater) is that they don't account for the uncertainties and subjectivity that come with evaluating environmental concerns, primarily when characterizing water quality within the polynomial threshold (Pashaeifar et al 2021). In general, the groundwater quality of urban areas in coastal areas is observed to be impaired due to the effects of seawater intrusion during tidal and non-tidal cycles in the study area district, which may significantly or partially impede the propagation of tidal currents and contribute to lateral pollution intrusion of urban aquifers.…”

Rapid Urbanization Has Changed the Driving Factors of Groundwater Chemical Evolution in the Large Groundwater Depression Funnel Area of Northern China

“…Groundwater, as an essential component of water resources, plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance, ensuring residents' livelihoods, and supporting socioeconomic development [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The variation of chemical components in groundwater has significant impacts on water quality and human health, making it extremely important to understand the hydrochemical evolution process of groundwater thoroughly [7].…”