Spatial and Temporal Analysis of the Total Cost of Ownership for Class 8 Tractors and Class 4 Parcel Delivery Trucks

Abstract

This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov.Cover Photo by Dennis Schroeder: NREL 46494.NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content.

Decarbonising Europe’s Trucks

“…This section includes details about the modelling and input assumptions. The analysis draws from recent reports published by Ainalis, Thorne and Cebon (2020), Basma, Saboori and Rodríguez (2021), Hunter et al (2021) and Ricardo and ICCT (2021) and builds on them with additional data sources. The novelty of the present report is that it examines how the uncertainty in underlying variables affects the total cost of ownership (TCO) and rates of adoption of zero-emission vehicles (ZEV) in multiple market segments and across three ZEV technologies: battery electric vehicles (BEV), electric road system vehicles (ERSV) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV).…”

“…Figure 2 shows the range of TCOs for European vehicle groups 4, 5 and 9, which are the groups with the highest sales shares (10%, 52% and 14% of sales respectively, see Table 2). complexity and are therefore likely to have a higher residual value (Hunter et al, 2021), particularly given similar trends in passenger vehicle segments (Guo and Zhou, 2019).…”

“…Median engine power for each vehicle group is shown in Figure B and is sourced from vehicle type approval test data (EEA, 2021). Findings from vehicle simulations performed by Hunter et al (2021) suggest that differences in engine power requirements between ZEV powertrains are relatively minor. For simplicity, power requirements for BEV, ERSV and FCEV powertrains are therefore assumed to be similar to those of conventional diesel vehicles in each vehicle group.…”

“…Upper and lower bound estimates of total electric drivetrain costs are shown in Figure 1D. The cost of a diesel engine is estimated according to equation 3 (in Annex B) used in Hunter et al (2021) and assumed to be constant over time and applicable to all vehicle groups. Additional costs associated with meeting increasingly stringent air pollutant emissions regulations are not accounted for.…”

Estimating the Breakeven Cost of Delivered Electricity to Charge Class 8 Electric Tractors

“…A key factor in this decision will be the total cost of ownership for on-road electric Class 8 tractors compared to their combustion counterparts. Total cost of ownership will be most influenced by the cost fleets incur to charge these vehicles (Hunter et al 2021). Most light-duty fleet applications are best served by AC Level 2 charging defined by the SAE International J1772 standard (Bennett et al 2019).…”