Spatial and seasonal distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Dracena, a city in the western region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, that is endemic with visceral leishmaniasis

Holcman, Márcia Moreira; Sampaio, Susy Mary Perpétuo; Rangel, Osias; Casanova, Cláudio

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0188-2013

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…longipalpis were reported for the first time in Argentina, the high abundance sites were persistent from 2004-2014 and the new ones may come to extinction as sink populations ( Salomón et al 2009 ). This persistent clustering was also simultaneously observed in Dracena, SP ( Rangel et al 2012 , Holcman et al 2013 ).…”

Section: The Urbanisation-dispersion Of Lu Longipalpissupporting

confidence: 65%

Lutzomyia longipalpis urbanisation and control

Salomón

Feliciangeli

Quintana

et al. 2015

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

102

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Since the description of Lutzomyia longipalpis by Lutz and Neiva more than 100 years ago, much has been written in the scientific literature about this phlebotomine species. Soares and Turco (2003) and Lainson and Rangel (2005) have written extensive reviews focused on vector-host-parasite interactions and American visceral leishmaniasis ecology. However, during the last two decades, the success of Lu. longipalpis in colonising urban environments and its simultaneous geographical spreading have led to new theoretical and operational questions. Therefore, this review updates the general information about this species and notes the more challenging topics regarding the new scenario of urbanisation-spreading and its control in America. Here, we summarise the literature on these issues and the remaining unsolved questions, which pose recommendations for operational research.

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Section: The Urbanisation-dispersion Of Lu Longipalpissupporting

confidence: 65%

Lutzomyia longipalpis urbanisation and control

Salomón

Feliciangeli

Quintana

et al. 2015

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

102

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“…In Dracena (SP) municipality located at 30 km from Panorama where the same chemotype of Lu. longipalpis was identified [18], the same pattern of distribution in a long-term study using automatic light traps has been observed [50]. Thus, our results suggest that the risk of transmission of L. infantum in Panorama municipality increases in the rainy season.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Ecological parameters of the (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B population of the Lutzomyia longipalpis complex in a visceral leishmaniasis area in São Paulo state, Brazil

et al. 2017

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BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important public health challenge in Brazil because of the high number of human and canine cases reported annually. Leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of VL and Lutzomyia longipalpis is its main vector. However, evidence suggests that this taxon constitutes a species complex. In Sao Paulo state, there are two populations of Lu. longipalpis, each secreting distinct pheromones, (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B and Cembrene 1; both have been associated with different patterns of VL transmission. The aim of the present study was to investigate the temporal distribution and natural infection of the (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B population of the Lu. longipalpis complex in a highly VL endemic area of Sao Paulo state to obtain information that may contribute to the surveillance of this zoonosis and to the planning of preventive and control measures.MethodsThe study was carried out in Panorama municipality, Sao Paulo State. Captures were made during 24 months in seven domiciles. The relation between sand fly abundance and climatic variables, temperature and humidity, was analyzed and natural infection by Leishmania spp. in sand fly females was investigated by nested PCR.ResultsA total of 4120 sand flies, with predominance of Lu. longipalpis (97.2%) were captured. The highest averages of sand flies/night/trap occurred in the rainy season (November-March) and a positive, significant correlation between sand fly abundance and the temperature and humidity 20 days before the capture days was found. Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in three out of 250 pools of females analyzed, giving an estimated minimum infection rate of 1.2%.ConclusionThe identification of the climatic association between the high abundance of the vector in this highly endemic VL focus constitutes a fundamental point for evaluating future vector and dog control measures and this information increases the data of VL foci in Sao Paulo state that could contribute to the public health authorities in planning prevention and control measures. The identification of natural infection by Le. infantum in Lu. longipalpis specimens reinforces the importance of entomological surveillance activities in this municipality.

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“…In the western region it is defined by the occurrence of human cases [12], frequent high prevalence of canine cases [32, 33], and a greater number of municipalities where L . longipalpis is present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…longipalpis is present. Generally, a great number of flies is frequently found in both manual and CDC light trap collections carried out in peridomiciliary environments associated with food sources, such as chickens and dogs [33, 34]. In this area, all the males analysed have been shown to be the ( S )-9-methylgermacrene-B chemotype population, including those collected in the 6 of the 18 municipalities currently classified as having moderate or intense transmission in the period from 2010 to 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis Chemotype Populations in São Paulo State, Brazil

et al. 2015

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BackgroundAmerican visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) is an emerging disease in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Its geographical expansion and the increase in the number of human cases has been linked to dispersion of Lutzomyia longipalpis into urban areas. To produce more accurate risk maps we investigated the geographic distribution and routes of expansion of the disease as well as chemotype populations of the vector.Methodology/Principal FindingsA database, containing the annual records of municipalities which had notified human and canine AVL cases as well as the presence of the vector, was compiled. The chemotypes of L. longipalpis populations from municipalities in different regions of São Paulo State were determined by Coupled Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry. From 1997 to June 2014, L. longipalpis has been reported in 166 municipalities, 148 of them in the Western region. A total of 106 municipalities were identified with transmission and 99 were located in the Western region, where all 2,204 autochthonous human cases occurred. Both the vector and the occurrence of human cases have expanded in a South-easterly direction, from the Western to central region, and from there, a further expansion to the North and the South. The (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B population of L. longipalpis is widely distributed in the Western region and the cembrene-1 population is restricted to the Eastern region.Conclusion/SignificanceThe maps in the present study show that there are two distinct epidemiological patterns of AVL in São Paulo State and that the expansion of human and canine AVL cases through the Western region has followed the same dispersion route of only one of the two species of the L. longipalpis complex, (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B. Entomological vigilance based on the routes of dispersion and identification of the chemotype population could be used to identify at-risk areas and consequently define the priorities for control measures.

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Spatial and seasonal distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Dracena, a city in the western region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, that is endemic with visceral leishmaniasis

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Lutzomyia longipalpis urbanisation and control

Lutzomyia longipalpis urbanisation and control

Ecological parameters of the (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B population of the Lutzomyia longipalpis complex in a visceral leishmaniasis area in São Paulo state, Brazil

Distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis Chemotype Populations in São Paulo State, Brazil

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