Spatial Analysis on the Concentrations of Air Pollutants in Basra Province (Southern Iraq)

Al-Hassen, Shukri I.; Sultan, Abdul Wahab A.; Ateek, Adnan A.; Al‐Saad, Hamid T.; Mahdi, Salah; Alhello, Abdulzahra A.

doi:10.4236/ojap.2015.43013

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…In the current study, the highest rate of lead Pb in well W1 during the spring of 2016 and the lowest rate in well W7 in summer 2016, may explain the contribution of waste oil refineries in the Shuaiba Refinery to groundwater pollution because the six wells w6-w5-w4-w3-w2-w1 are close to the pollution area in the southern refineries while the two control wells are far from this area (Al-Hassen, 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Determination of Trace Elements Lead, Nickel and Cadmium in Ground Water from Wells near Southern Refineries, Basrah-Iraq

Younus

Al-Khafaji

2021

MJMS

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The current study was conducted to estimate the concentrations of three trace elements; nickel, lead and cadmium in the groundwater of eight wells, the six wells from w1 to w6 were close to the refineries at about half a kilometer to three kilometers and w7 and w8 wells were about 12.5 km away from the area (control wells) in the surrounding area of Southern Refineries (Al-Shuaiba), Al-Zubair district, Basrah Governorate, southern Iraq. Water samples were collected quarterly. The highest concentrations of lead was 0.933 μg/l in well W1 in spring whereas the minimum concentration of the lead was 0.208 μg/l in well W7 in summer while the rates of nickel concentrations ranged between the highest concentration of 0.445 μg/l in well W1 in winter and the lowest concentration 0.055 μg/l in well W8 during the fall. Cadmium recorded the highest concentration of 0.496 μg/l in well W3 in spring while the lowest concentration was 0.053 μg/l in well W8 in summer. It was concluded from the study that the oil refineries have a significant impact on pollution events. The hydrocarbon pollutants in the nearby wells water originated from these refineries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Determination of Trace Elements Lead, Nickel and Cadmium in Ground Water from Wells near Southern Refineries, Basrah-Iraq

Younus

Al-Khafaji

2021

MJMS

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“…This body of literature supports the argument that the oil and gas industry is responsible for lower air quality in Basra; however, given the residual environmental damage caused by warfare in the region, we are not able to claim that the oil and gas industry (or FDI companies) is exclusively responsible. We can, however, draw some generalised observations from the literature which point towards the oil and gas industry as a major contributing factor to serious environmental damage which has resulted in a lack of clean drinking water for locals and an increased occurrence of health issues related to air and water pollution (Al-Hassen et al , 2015a; Al-Hassen et al , 2015b; Sale et al , 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, extant published research on the emissions and air pollution in and around the Basra region was used to paint a picture of some aspects of environmental impact of the oil and gas companies operating in the region. Since emissions of hydrocarbon gases into the atmosphere will not likely be detected in nearby bodies of water due to their tendency to remain in the atmosphere (Al-Hassen et al , 2015a), we could isolate the burning of petroleum products (predominantly the flaring of associated gas) from oil spills into water ways, as two separate but related sources of pollution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supporting these findings, Al-Hassen et al (2015a) also found levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, petroleum hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulphide all significantly above accepted levels for human health. By exploring the spatial patterns of air pollutants, Al-Hassen et al (2015b) found that levels of pollution were high, particularly at sites closer to oil and gas industrial sites.…”

Section: Local Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interrogating the environmental accountability of foreign oil and gas companies in Basra, Iraq: a stakeholder theory perspective

Morrison

Alshamari²,

Finau³

2023

MEDAR

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Purpose This paper aims to interrogate the accountabilities of the foreign companies which have directly invested in the Iraqi oil and gas industry. Design/methodology/approach Using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the authors first map the stakeholder accountabilities (qualitative) of foreign oil and gas companies and second, the authors seek to demonstrate quantitatively – through structural break tests and publicly available sustainability reports – whether these companies have accounted for their environmental and social impacts both to Iraqi people and to the global community. Findings The authors find that the Western democratic values embedded in stakeholder theory, in terms of sustainability, do not hold the same meaning in cultural contexts where conceptions and application of Western democratic values are deeply problematic. This paper identifies a crucial problem in the global oil supply chain and problematises the application of traditional theoretical approaches in the context of the Iraqi oil and gas industry. Practical implications Implications of this study include the refocus of attention onto the local and global environmental impacts of the Iraqi oil and gas industry by foreign direct investments. Such a refocus highlights the reasons and ways that decision makers should accommodate these less salient stakeholders. Originality/value The primary contribution is the critique of the lack of environmental accountability of foreign direct investment companies in the Iraqi oil and gas industry. The authors also make theoretical and methodological contributions via the problematisation of the cultural bias inherent in traditional stakeholder theories, and by introducing a quantitative method to evaluate the accountabilities of companies.

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“…Iraq that is heavily contaminated with pollutants related to the wars (Al-Shammari, 2016). Many researchers have written about environmental pollution levels in Al-Basrah (Al-Aasadi et al, 2015;Al-Hassen et al, 2015;Al-Shammari, 2016). All these sources confirm air pollution in Al-Basrah during the years 1980 to 2003 when it suffered wars and their aftermath.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling count data with an excess of zero values applied to childhood bone tumour incidence in Iraq

Al-Hashimi

Warttan

2021

Geospat Health

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Bone tumours are rarely found in children and adolescents (0- 19 years old), but there are reports from some provinces in Iraq indicating possible increases in the incidence of childhood bone cancer. Since counts are very low and often zero, or near zero, we fitted zero-inflated Poisson, zero-inflated negative binomial, Poisson hurdle, and negative binomial hurdle regression models to investigate these changes. We used data covering the 2000-2015 period taking age, gender and province into account with the aim of identifying potential health disparities. The results indicate that the zero-inflated Poisson is the most appropriate approach. We also found that, the incidence rate ratio of bone tumours for age groups of 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 years were 134%, 490% and 723% higher, respectively, compared to the 0-4 year olds. The incidence rate was higher by 49% higher in males compared to females. Compared to 2000-2004, the rate was higher during 2005-2009 and 2010-2015 by 23% and 50%, respectively. In addition, the provinces Al-Muthana and Al-Diwaniyah in the South were found to have a higher incidence rate than other provinces. Join point analysis showed that the age-adjusted incidence rate had a significant, increasing trend, with an average percentage change of 3.1% during 2000-2015. The study suggests that further research into childhood tumours, bone tumours in particular, is needed. Reference to the effect of environmental factors in this group of medical disorders would be of special interest.

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Spatial Analysis on the Concentrations of Air Pollutants in Basra Province (Southern Iraq)

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Determination of Trace Elements Lead, Nickel and Cadmium in Ground Water from Wells near Southern Refineries, Basrah-Iraq

Determination of Trace Elements Lead, Nickel and Cadmium in Ground Water from Wells near Southern Refineries, Basrah-Iraq

Interrogating the environmental accountability of foreign oil and gas companies in Basra, Iraq: a stakeholder theory perspective

Modelling count data with an excess of zero values applied to childhood bone tumour incidence in Iraq

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