Spatial analysis of visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality of Rondonópolis, in the Brazilian State of Mato Grosso, from 2003 to 2012: human, canine and vector distribution in areas of disease transmission

Abstract

Introduction: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis of great importance to public health and is considered a neglected disease by the World Health Organization. The disease has expanded and become more prevalent in urban areas in Brazil. Methods: Geospatial analyses were performed and thematic maps of the triad of the disease were produced for the study period (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) in the urban area of the municipality of Rondonópolis in the midwestern State of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil, TerraView 4.2.2 software was used for the analyses. Results: A total of 87.9% of the 186 confi rmed human cases of VL were cured. Children between the ages of 1 and 4 were the most affected. Registered deaths were predominant among adults aged 60 years or older. The urban area of the municipality consists of eight strata and 12 census districts include 237 neighborhoods. All sectors had confi rmed cases of VL. During the study period, human cases of the disease were recorded in 90 neighborhoods. The 23 deaths from the disease were distributed in 21 neighborhoods. Sandfl ies carrying the parasite were captured in 192 out of 200 neighborhoods evaluated for the presence of the VL vector. The presence of dogs carrying the parasite was confi rmed in, 140 out of 154 surveyed neighborhoods. Conclusions: The data demonstrated the endemic nature of VL, with a high percentage of infected children, a high distribution of canine infection, and a wide adaptation and dispersal of the vectors in the urban environment. These results, illustrate the process of urbanization of VL in the municipality of Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil.

Risk Factors Associated With American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area of Brazil

“…Our results corroborate those of other authors, who observed percentages of 39.8% to 56.7% for the same age group 7 , 10 , 11 . ACL is more important in the age group of economically active adults in comparison with visceral leishmaniasis, which affects higher percentages of children 12 . …”

Visceral leishmaniasis in a Brazilian endemic area: an overview of occurrence, HIV coinfection and lethality

“…The current expansion of VL in Brazilian territories represents a clinical and epidemiological concern for public health authorities and health professionals, especially due to the complexity associated with its control and clinical management 1 , 4 , 8 . The State of Mato Grosso is historically endemic for VL 16 , with the municipality of Rondonópolis containing almost half of the human cases reported there in recent years, being an area of intense VL transmission with regional and national relevance 12 , 13 .…”

“…Despite this great importance, the area lacks studies regarding the disease occurrence. The only report described the spatial distributions of human cases, reservoirs and vectors 13 . Thus, the present study aimed to describe epidemiological and clinical aspects of the occurrence, VL/HIV coinfection and lethality of VL in the municipality of Rondonópolis between 2011 and 2016.…”

Occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis andhuman and canine cases of visceral leishmaniasis and evaluation of their expansion in the Northwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

“…included in the work of Cardim et al (12) , Antonialli et al (13) , Martins-Melo et al (14) , and Guimarães et al (15) .…”