Spatial Analysis of Noise in Kufa University (Kufa River Campus) using GIS

Abstract

Noise refers to unwanted sound, which causes great discomfort to the ears, and is usually measured in decibels. Very high levels of sound above 100 dB cause permanent hearing loss. This study deals with effect of noise in the academic areas, University of Kufa, Kufa river campus (Faculty of Urban Planning, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Archeology). Kufa river campus area is exposed to several external noise types. Noise field data have been measured and collected for 98 station points. The noise intensity ratio was measured using the Sound Level Meter at three different times during the working hours in the morning hours (8.30-10.30), at noon (10.30-12.30), and in the afternoon from (12.30-2.30). The data were analyzed using the Excel program (percentile method) to obtain a noise level values at 10%, 50%, and 90% of data after arranging it ascendingly. The equivalent noise level (Leq) is calculate as well. The equivalent noise level data converts to GIS program form mapping and studying the spatial variation of noise intensity using a Spline interpolation method. The results showed that the effect of external noise is much greater than the effect of internal noise. The highest noise intensity at the points near the fence reached 94 decibels, and the lowest noise ratio was in the center of the faculty of Physical Planning, and the points near the green trees reached 45.1 db.

A Comprehensive Review of Noise Measurement, Standards, Assessment, Geospatial Mapping and Public Health

“…The study conducted in busy locations in Pakistan recorded a maximum sound pressure level of 97 dB for educational institutes which was much above the permissible limit of 50 dB (Farooqi et al, 2019). A study based on noise data collected for 98 stations in a university observed that the highest noise was seen near the fence (94 dB) and the lowest was near the faculty center and green trees (Hussein & Al-Sulttani, 2021). The study concluded that the campus had been exposed to very high noise and does not match international standards -whether inside or outside the academic area.…”

“…The most commonly used tool for measuring noise is a sound level meter (SLM) or noise dosimeter. SLM is used to monitor the noise level of a particular task or process, or how noisy a piece of machinery or area is; whereas, a noise dosimeter is a type of sound level meter used to assess an individual's exposure to noise during working hours (Debnath et al, 2012;Singh & Dadoriya, 2013;Das et al, 2014;Mamun et al, 2017;Hussein & Al-Sulttani, 2021). As the majority of research has been done on noise exposure in various environmental settings, SLMs have been widely used to measure noise levels; and only a limited number of researchers have used dosimeter.…”

“…By establishing buffer zones that serve as a tool for proximity analysis, the GIS approach has been utilized to define the degree of noise pollution by Maqsood et al, (2019) while studying the impact industrial noise on the hearing capacity of workers. In an academic environment, a similar contour mapping of Kufa University (Kufa River Campus) was carried out using GIS tools, and the spatial fluctuation of noise level was investigated using the Spline interpolation approach (Hussein & Al-Sulttani, 2021).…”

Pemetaan Kebisingan Lalu Lintas di Perkotaan – Sebuah Tinjauan

“…Pendekatan OK menggunakan semivariogram untuk menyatakan kontinuitas spasial (autokorelasi) yang hanya bergantung pada faktor jarak tanpa mempertimbangkan faktor arah (Bhunia et al, 2018;Nirwansyah, 2015). Metode Spline adalah metode interpolasi yang mengestimasi nilai dengan melakukan fitting pada data menuju kelengkungan minimum (Hussein & Al-Sulttani, 2020). Dalam aplikasi pemetaan seperti ArcGIS, interpolasi spline termasuk dalam Base Function Radial (RBF) yang mana memiliki varian yang rendah (Nirwansyah, 2015).…”