“…However, without considering spatial relationships among ground objects, OOC methods can only recognize land cover information with low-level semantic features. Points-of-interest (POIs) have been widely used to extract information pertaining to urban land use types and functional zones (Koohpayma, Tahooni, Jelokhani-Niaraki, & Jokar Arsanjani, 2019;Yu, Ai, He, & Shao, 2016). However, it is difficult to quantify the relationship between spatial distributions of POIs and regional land use types due to a lack of reliable models.…”