Spatial analysis of campylobacter infection in the Canadian province of Manitoba

Green, Chris G.; Krause, D. O.; Wylie, John

doi:10.1186/1476-072x-5-2

Cited by 69 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous studies also found no correlation between A. butzleri infection and patient age or sex (41,46). In comparison, host infection by pathogenic campylobacters is influenced by both age and sex (46,52,53), as is infection by other emerging pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori (46) and Torque teno virus (51). We found no correlation between A. butzleri infection and place of habitation (i.e., whether patients lived in an urban or rural area).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Comparative Detection and Quantification of Arcobacter butzleri in Stools from Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic People in Southwestern Alberta, Canada

et al. 2016

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dArcobacter butzleri has been linked to enteric disease in humans, but its pathogenicity and epidemiology remain poorly understood. The lack of suitable detection methods is a major limitation. Using comparative genome analysis, we developed PCR primers for direct detection and quantification of A. butzleri DNA in microbiologically complex matrices. These primers, along with existing molecular and culture-based methods, were used to detect A. butzleri and enteric pathogens in stools of diarrheic and nondiarrheic people (n ‫؍‬ 1,596) living in southwestern Alberta, Canada, from May to November 2008. In addition, quantitative PCR was used to compare A. butzleri densities in diarrheic and nondiarrheic stools. Arcobacter butzleri was detected more often by PCR (59.6%) than by isolation methods (0.8%). Comparison by PCR-based detection found no difference in the prevalence of A. butzleri between diarrheic (56.7%) and nondiarrheic (45.5%) individuals. Rates of detection in diarrheic stools peaked in June (71.1%) and October (68.7%), but there was no statistically significant correlation between the presence of A. butzleri and patient age, sex, or place of habitation. Densities of A. butzleri DNA in diarrheic stools (1.6 ؎ 0.59 log 10 copies mg ؊1 ) were higher (P ‫؍‬ 0.007) than in nondiarrheic stools (1.3 ؎ 0.63 log 10 copies mg ؊1 ). Of the 892 diarrheic samples that were positive for A. butzleri, 74.1% were not positive for other bacterial and/or viral pathogens. The current study supports previous work suggesting that A. butzleri pathogenicity is strain specific and/or dependent on other factors, such as the level of host resistance. N early 1.7 billion cases of diarrheal disease are reported globally each year (1), although this is an underestimation of true rates of enteritis, as many afflicted individuals do not have access to or choose not to pursue medical assistance (2). For those seeking diagnosis, the majority of cases of acute enteritis are not linked to an identified etiological agent (3, 4). Ascertaining the etiology of enteric disease is essential for the development of effective therapeutics and preventative mitigation strategies. Direct contact with animals and ingestion of untreated water and/or undercooked animal products are recognized risk factors for acute enteritis (3), which suggests that a significant number of cases of enteritis are caused by unidentified biotic pathogens of human or zoonotic origin. Critical components of the epidemiology of arcobacteriosis and the population structure of Arcobacter butzleri have yet to be resolved, in large part because effective culture and/or molecular-based detection methods for this bacterium have yet to be developed.Arcobacter butzleri is ubiquitous in the environment (e.g., river water contaminated with human and/or nonhuman animal feces) (5-7). That the bacterium is detected in such a variety of sources suggests that pathways for transmission among animals and environmental sources exist, but accurate source tracking of A. butzleri is hampered by a ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Comparative Detection and Quantification of Arcobacter butzleri in Stools from Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic People in Southwestern Alberta, Canada

et al. 2016

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“…Of these, four examined the impact of SES using a composite deprivation index that incorporated area-level measures of variables such as car ownership, home ownership, and unemployment taken from national censuses (22–25). Of the remaining two studies, Simonsen, et al in Denmark found an increased incidence of campylobacteriosis in persons with higher income and higher educational level (26).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The four studies of campylobacteriosis and one study of salmonellosis that used an index of deprivation to measure SES uniformly found an association between low levels of deprivation and high incidence (22–25, 35). The one study of listeriosis that used an index of deprivation found an association between high levels of deprivation and high incidence (33).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of socioeconomic status on foodborne illness in high-income countries: a systematic review

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Foodborne illness is a major cause of morbidity and loss of productivity in developed nations. Though low socioeconomic status (SES) is generally associated with negative health outcomes, its impact on foodborne illness is poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review to examine the association between SES and laboratory-confirmed illness caused by eight important foodborne pathogens. We completed this systematic review using PubMed for all papers published between 1 January 1980 and 1 January 2013 that measured the association between foodborne illness and SES in highly developed countries and identified 16 studies covering 4 pathogens. The effect of SES varied across pathogens: the majority of identified studies for Campylobacter, salmonellosis, and E. coli infection showed an association between high SES and illness. The single study of listeriosis showed illness was associated with low SES. A reporting bias by SES could not be excluded. SES should be considered when targeting consumer level public health interventions for foodborne pathogens.

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“…Residents or workers on farms or living in proximity to high densities of farm animals, including cows, pigs, and chickens, or in rural and agricultural areas have a higher incidence of campylobacteriosis than do rural non-farm or urban residents in Canada, indicating the potential risk of campylobacters in animals to human health (Thompson et al 1986;Ellis et al 1995;Green et al 2006;Lévesque et al 2013). …”

Section: Farmed Speciesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Campylobacter species in animal, food, and environmental sources, and relevant testing programs in Canada

et al. 2015

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Campylobacter species, particularly thermophilic campylobacters, have emerged as a leading cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, with Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari responsible for the majority of human infections. Although most cases of campylobacteriosis are self-limiting, campylobacteriosis represents a significant public health burden. Human illness caused by infection with campylobacters has been reported across Canada since the early 1970s. Many studies have shown that dietary sources, including food, particularly raw poultry and other meat products, raw milk, and contaminated water, have contributed to outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in Canada. Campylobacter spp. have also been detected in a wide range of animal and environmental sources, including water, in Canada. The purpose of this article is to review (i) the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in animals, food, and the environment, and (ii) the relevant testing programs in Canada with a focus on the potential links between campylobacters and human health in Canada.

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Spatial analysis of campylobacter infection in the Canadian province of Manitoba

Cited by 69 publications

References 33 publications

Comparative Detection and Quantification of Arcobacter butzleri in Stools from Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic People in Southwestern Alberta, Canada

Comparative Detection and Quantification of Arcobacter butzleri in Stools from Diarrheic and Nondiarrheic People in Southwestern Alberta, Canada

The impact of socioeconomic status on foodborne illness in high-income countries: a systematic review

Campylobacter species in animal, food, and environmental sources, and relevant testing programs in Canada

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