Spatial Accessibility Assessment of Emergency Response of Urban Public Services in the Context of Pluvial Flooding Scenarios: The Case of Jiaozuo Urban Area, China

Abstract

Urban pluvial flooding has become an important factor in urban casualties and economic losses, thus, there is an urgent need to strengthen urban emergency management research and improve emergency response capabilities to flooding. The SCS–CN hydrological model combined with GIS spatial analysis were used to assess the spatial accessibility of the emergency response to key urban public services (medical and fire) for different pluvial flooding scenarios of the Jiaozuo urban area. The results show that the coverage area of the public service department (medical and fire) emergency response decreases as the period of pluvial flooding recurrence increases. The accessibility of the public service department (medical and fire services) emergency response shows a gradual decline from the center of the Jiaozuo urban area to the periphery. The depth and area of water accumulation in the northern part of the Zhongzhan District, the northeastern part of the Macun District, and the southwestern part of the Shanyang District gradually increased as the heavy rainfall recurrence period increased. Emergency response from public services (medical and fire services) could not arrive within 15 min.

Assessing the spatial equity and accessibility of public primary schools in Obio/ Akpor local government area, Rivers State, Nigeria

“…Similarly, Ahmed et al (2015) argue that population density plays a crucial role in the provision of public services in rural areas, where the distribution of services is often constrained by limited resources and infrastructure. This was still supported by Wang and Li (2020) who declared that population distribution is a significant factor in determining the provision of public services, particularly in rural areas. Low population density according to Wang et al, (2020) makes it more expensive to provide public services due to the high cost of infrastructure and service delivery.…”

“…This was still supported by Wang and Li (2020) who declared that population distribution is a significant factor in determining the provision of public services, particularly in rural areas. Low population density according to Wang et al, (2020) makes it more expensive to provide public services due to the high cost of infrastructure and service delivery. As a result, rural areas often have limited access to public services, including education, healthcare, and sanitation.…”

“…Several factors affect the provision of public services especially in rural areas. According to Wang and Li (2020), the level of economic development, geography, and distance are critical factors in the provision of public services. Economic development influences the availability of resources for public service provision, while geography affects access to service delivery.…”

A Study on the Accessibility of the Emergency Medical Services for Urban Kindergartens and Nursing Homes Based on Urban Pluvial Flooding Scenarios

“…Based on the elevation data of the study area, the D8 algorithm of ArcGIS hydrological analysis module was used to divide urban catchment areas. This process included depression filling, water flow direction extraction, river network calculation, watershed identification, sub-catchment division, and generation of catchment areas [26]. The local equal volume method of GIS was used to simulate the depth and area of flood inundation under different precipitation return periods based on the idea of dichotomy.…”

Assessment and Improvement of Emergency Rescue Service Accessibility under Urban Waterlogging Disasters

“…Numerous researchers have used different waterlogging simulation methods to assess the impact of waterlogging on cities. Some scholars have employed traditional hydraulic models, such as Arrighi [19] and others, who have used the hydraulic model TELEMAC-2D to simulate urban waterlogging, calculating the response times of emergency medical and firefighting services under normal weather and waterlogging scenarios; there are also those who combined hydrological models with geographic information for simulation, like Zhang [20] and others, who utilized the SCS-CN hydrological model in conjunction with GIS spatial analysis to assess the emergency response accessibility of key public services in Jiaozuo city under different flood scenarios. Additionally, a scholar named Luo [21] has conducted a comparative study on various methods of urban flood numerical simulation, elaborating on numerical analysis methods for addressing issues of urban street runoff, architectural obstacles, underground network flow modeling, and feature analysis.…”