Spasmus Nutans

Weissman, BM; Dell’Osso, Louis F.; Abel, Larry A; Leigh, R. John

doi:10.1001/archopht.1987.01060040095041

Cited by 59 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In this formulation the effect of the head movements is indirect in the sense that their dynamic characteristics such as amplitude and timing do not mirror those of the eyes. These features of the eye and head oscillations were subsequently confirmed in several subsequent studies [4] .…”

Section: Primary Eyes Oscillations and Consequent Head Oscillationssupporting

confidence: 62%

Abnormal head oscillations in neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology

Shaikh

2016

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Purpose This paper describes the clinical phenomenology and contemporary pathophysiology of concurrent oscillations of the eyes and the head that are present in neurological conditions with diverse etiologies. Recent findings One classic example is spasmus nutans in which the eye oscillations are the primary pathology while head nodding is thought to be an operant conditional response that suppresses the eye oscillations to facilitate clear vision. The second example is a combination of head tremor and inadequate compensatory eye movements due to vestibular hypofunction leading to the illusion of pendular nystagmus – hence the condition is called pseudonystagmus. Cerebellar degeneration in ataxia-telangiectasia or synchronized spontaneous discharge from the inferior olive and cerebellum in the syndrome of ocular palatal tremor with dystonia are examples of eye and head oscillations due to the impairment in cerebellar outflow. Infantile nystagmus syndrome also presents with eye and head oscillations, but here the relationship between the two types of oscillations differs among patients and is still unclear. Summary The clinical features and putative pathophysiology of diverse disorders of the eyes and head that produce unwanted oscillations are reviewed and some analogies between eye and head oscillations are suggested. Key clinical pearls that are essential to separate these disorders at the bedside are also emphasized.

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Section: Primary Eyes Oscillations and Consequent Head Oscillationssupporting

confidence: 62%

Abnormal head oscillations in neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology

Shaikh

2016

Current Opinion in Neurology

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“…In addition, children with SNS usually present with AHP and head nodding 2,22. Also, oscillations of the eyes often reduce to subclinical levels after a few years,45,46 giving the impression that the nystagmus has disappeared.…”

Section: Optometric Investigation Of Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infantile nystagmus: an optometrist’s perspective

Zahidi

Woodhouse

Erichsen

et al. 2017

OPTO

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Infantile nystagmus (IN), previously known as congenital nystagmus, is an involuntary to-and-fro movement of the eyes that persists throughout life. IN is one of three types of early-onset nystagmus that begin in infancy, alongside fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome and spasmus nutans syndrome. Optometrists may also encounter patients with acquired nystagmus. The features of IN overlap largely with those of fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome, spasmus nutans syndrome, and acquired nystagmus, yet the management for each subtype is different. Therefore, the optometrist’s role is to accurately discern IN from other forms of nystagmus and to manage accordingly. As IN is a lifelong condition, its presence not only affects the visual function of the individual but also their quality of life, both socially and psychologically. In this report, we focus on the approaches that involve optometrists in the investigation and management of patients with IN. Management includes the prescription of optical treatments, low-vision rehabilitation, and other interventions such as encouraging the use of the null zone and referral to support groups. Other treatments available via ophthalmologists are also briefly discussed in the article.

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“…Spasmus nutans is classically characterized as the clinical triad of nystagmus, head nodding, and an anomalous head position. The nystagmus of spasmus nutans is typically asymmetric, fine amplitude, and high frequency [ 1 , 2 ]. The condition has been proposed to begin in infancy (before age 12 months) with anticipated resolution by two years of life [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term visual outcomes in spasmus nutans

Hennein,

Heidary,

Gaier

et al. 2024

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background The long-term visual outcomes in spasmus nutans patients is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize visual outcomes and identify comorbid ophthalmic conditions in patients with spasmus nutans. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive patients diagnosed with spasmus nutans between 2000 and 2020. Demographic information, ophthalmic characteristics, and neuroimaging results were assessed over time. Results Of the 32 patients included in the study, 13 (41%) were female. Underlying medical conditions included a diagnosis of Trisomy 21 in 6 (19%) and prematurity in 8 (25%). Twenty-one patients (66%) self-reported as a race other than Caucasian. 18 patients (56%) had non-private health insurance and 1 (3%) was uninsured. Mean age at diagnosis and resolution were 16 months (range 45 months) and 48 months (range 114 months), respectively. All 32 patients had nystagmus, 31 (97%) had head nodding and 16 (50%) had ocular torticollis. Mean follow-up was 66 months (range 185 months). On initial presentation, 6/32 (19%) had an amblyogenic refractive error and mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the better-seeing eye was 0.78 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) (range 1.24). In a sub-analysis that included patients with > 1 exam (n = 23), 17/20 (85%) had an amblyogenic refractive error and mean BCVA in the better-seeing eye was 0.48 LogMAR (range 1.70). At the final exam, 12 patients had measurable stereopsis, eight had strabismus, and three had undergone strabismus surgery. Eight patients required treatment for amblyopia. Conclusions We found a high prevalence of amblyogenic refractive error, strabismus and amblyopia among patients with spasmus nutans. Children with spasmus nutans benefit from ongoing ophthalmic follow-up until they are past the amblyopic age range, even after resolution of nystagmus.

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Spasmus Nutans

Cited by 59 publications

References 20 publications

Abnormal head oscillations in neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology

Abnormal head oscillations in neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology

Infantile nystagmus: an optometrist’s perspective

Long-term visual outcomes in spasmus nutans

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Spasmus Nutans

Cited by 59 publications

References 20 publications

Abnormal head oscillations in neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology

Abnormal head oscillations in neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology

Infantile nystagmus: an optometrist&rsquo;s perspective

Long-term visual outcomes in spasmus nutans

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Infantile nystagmus: an optometrist’s perspective